Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essay

Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy paper Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy paper Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essayThe significant current government migration strategy issues incorporate unlawful movement, stuffing, speculation strategy issues, national security and fear based oppression, and different issues. As the United States is viewed as the country of settlers, the government movement strategy ought to be all around created to address the necessities of American residents (Theodoulou  Kofinis, 2013).  Moreover, the government movement strategy is firmly associated with business issues in light of the fact that those individuals who go to the United States with the aim to work and remain there ought to be helpful to our state. Moreover, racial and strict predispositions are connected to migration strategy. I feel worried about related issues that identify with current administrative movement policy.Undoubtedly, in the event that anything is changing in the current bureaucratic migration strategy, it will influence me by and by in light of the fact that I am an American resident and any adjustments in the legislative arrangements may have either positive or negative ramifications for me, my family and the entire American culture. For instance, the authorization to proceed with unlawful migration may have negative effect on my work, security and even my health.My considerations preceding perusing this week’s perusing assignments were obscure about the nature movement strategy. Presently I understand that it is important to comprehend the unpredictability of the movement strategy making process. The U.S. government should address the necessities and prerequisites of residents, giving the best possible chances to the advancement of the country in today’s worldwide setting. Migration issues ought not prompt financial decay of the nation. Therefore, it is important to keep current government movement laws. When all is said in done, my point of view has been strengthened since I am progressively educated. I u nderstand that illicit movement is an issue of open worry that requires sufficient reaction of the U.S. government.

Standardazaion in Supply Chain free essay sample

Singapore Institute of Materials Management (SIMM) (DSCM08/15) Purchasing Management Individual Assignment Done by Rachel Chan Soon Chee Submit to Lecturer: Max Ee by twentieth May 2009 Table of Contents Introduction1 Chapter 1 Part 1 Standardization of Containerization 1. Basic sort of container2-4 2. Advantage of Standardization in container5 3. Advancement of container6-7 4. Activity normalization of compartment in Singapore7 Part 1 Standardization of Containerization 5. Regular kind of pallet8-10 6. Advantage of Standardization in pallet11 7. Contextual analyses of effective normalization project12 Conclusion13 Reference14 Introduction Standardization is progressively perceived as a fundamental way to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of undertakings. As the national principles body for Singapore, SPRING Singapore’s job is to improve profitability, quality and market access for organizations and ventures, ensure shopper premiums and upgrade security, wellbeing and ecological conditions for Singapore using normalization. With globalization and the infocomm condition, guidelines are basic to guarantee interconnectivity and interoperability for proficiency and expanded profitability. We will compose a custom exposition test on Standardazaion in Supply Chain or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page To have a serious edge, organizations, particularly SMEs should know about measures and the upside of actualizing principles. In todays serious and globalized condition, measures have gotten progressively significant in upgrading exchange and efficiency. The efficiency support that SIP(s bring gives an additional edge to organizations. Normalization majorly affects our lives as measures give the essentials to our day by day exchanges. The advantages of normalization are wide and many. Section 1 Part 1

Analysis Of Online Auction Site Ebid Information Essay

Analysis Of Online Auction Site Ebid Information Essay Ebid is one of the most popular auction sites on the web. In fact, it ranks as number two right after Ebay which comes as the first one on the list. It was created back in 1998 in the United Kingdom and has been a huge hit ever since that time. And in this article, I will analyze this site from different angles. Target audience There is no one specific target audience of Ebid. The auction site is open for people from more than 100 states to buy and sell products at whatever price they find suitable. They work with customers and companies from New Zealand, Austria, Norway, Belgium, Italy, USA, UK, Spain, Sweden, South Africa, India, etc. To start selling and buying things at Ebid one has to register with the system. The process of registration is quite simple, though additional details might be requested for individuals willing to have a particular membership level on the site. How it works and its benefits The principle behind this site is quite straightforward. Customers are allowed to post items for sale as well as seek what they need on the website. They can interact and get in touch as there is no particular person in between them. So, whatever one finds for sale on the site, he is allowed to purchase as long as the conditions and price are suitable for both sides. This is the first benefit of this auction site. The second one is that since people are trying to have their products sell they are more willing to lower prices. So, one can get what he needs at lower rates. The third benefit is that Ebid has an extensive list of categories one can sell and buy items at. It is hard to find a product you cannot purchase on Ebid. The owners of this site strive to do their best to make it a platform attractive for businesses of all kinds. Another advantage is that the system is entirely transparent. One will not find hidden costs, so there is not the reason to worry that extra fees will be applied to his purchased. Considering the fact that some sites have them, transparency is Ebid’s advantage. Finally, it works around the clock. So, no matter where you come from, you can easily participate in the interrogations. This advantage is definitely huge, given that people now have to deal with time barriers all the time. As an answer to globalization process, Ebid offers unusual conditions for good deals. Ebid revenue Being the second biggest auction site, Ebid has quite an impressive revenue too. According to the official data, the company got around 684,000 USD in 2014, and that number grew significantly since that time. The price of the whole company was estimated to be around 1,3 million USD which is an incredible number for a business in this niche. Most of their revenue they get from subscription fees as well as the percent of the deals made on the website. For instance, there is a chance to get SELLER+ Lifetime membership only costs 49,99 EUR. That is only one option, and all such fees collected together add up to a real revenue the site makes. From everything we said above, it is clear that Ebid is a great auction site with stable income and beneficial offers. It provides its users with conditions which make trading and buying experience pleasant and smooth. Moreover, they even have an exclusive payment system developed which makes the process of paying even simpler than ever. Thus, one can pay through online banking offered by Barclays. Ebid is truly a fantastic choice for buying things online.

Analysis Of Online Auction Site Ebid Information Essay

Analysis Of Online Auction Site Ebid Information Essay Ebid is one of the most popular auction sites on the web. In fact, it ranks as number two right after Ebay which comes as the first one on the list. It was created back in 1998 in the United Kingdom and has been a huge hit ever since that time. And in this article, I will analyze this site from different angles. Target audience There is no one specific target audience of Ebid. The auction site is open for people from more than 100 states to buy and sell products at whatever price they find suitable. They work with customers and companies from New Zealand, Austria, Norway, Belgium, Italy, USA, UK, Spain, Sweden, South Africa, India, etc. To start selling and buying things at Ebid one has to register with the system. The process of registration is quite simple, though additional details might be requested for individuals willing to have a particular membership level on the site. How it works and its benefits The principle behind this site is quite straightforward. Customers are allowed to post items for sale as well as seek what they need on the website. They can interact and get in touch as there is no particular person in between them. So, whatever one finds for sale on the site, he is allowed to purchase as long as the conditions and price are suitable for both sides. This is the first benefit of this auction site. The second one is that since people are trying to have their products sell they are more willing to lower prices. So, one can get what he needs at lower rates. The third benefit is that Ebid has an extensive list of categories one can sell and buy items at. It is hard to find a product you cannot purchase on Ebid. The owners of this site strive to do their best to make it a platform attractive for businesses of all kinds. Another advantage is that the system is entirely transparent. One will not find hidden costs, so there is not the reason to worry that extra fees will be applied to his purchased. Considering the fact that some sites have them, transparency is Ebid’s advantage. Finally, it works around the clock. So, no matter where you come from, you can easily participate in the interrogations. This advantage is definitely huge, given that people now have to deal with time barriers all the time. As an answer to globalization process, Ebid offers unusual conditions for good deals. Ebid revenue Being the second biggest auction site, Ebid has quite an impressive revenue too. According to the official data, the company got around 684,000 USD in 2014, and that number grew significantly since that time. The price of the whole company was estimated to be around 1,3 million USD which is an incredible number for a business in this niche. Most of their revenue they get from subscription fees as well as the percent of the deals made on the website. For instance, there is a chance to get SELLER+ Lifetime membership only costs 49,99 EUR. That is only one option, and all such fees collected together add up to a real revenue the site makes. From everything we said above, it is clear that Ebid is a great auction site with stable income and beneficial offers. It provides its users with conditions which make trading and buying experience pleasant and smooth. Moreover, they even have an exclusive payment system developed which makes the process of paying even simpler than ever. Thus, one can pay through online banking offered by Barclays. Ebid is truly a fantastic choice for buying things online.

My Literary Analysis On The Black Girl - 919 Words

The reason I chose this piece to do my literary analysis on was because something I found very unique and interesting was the fact that we, the readers, know that one girl is one race, and the other girl is a different race, but we never find out which is which. The way this story was written, makes either one seem to belong to either race, so there is no need to stereotype, because if one girl does something that seems stereotypical of one race, the other girl does something even more so. The way that the author was able to keep that up so well and not give away who was which race, amazes and intrigues me, although within their friendship, it doesn’t really make a difference. I think that this proves that stereotypes of people are not true to the race/culture/religion etc. but the individual person. The biggest proof of this is the fact that they both grew up in the same home, raised by the same person/people, with not a certain ethnic influence, yet they each ended up a cert ain way. When they get older is when this becomes most evident, Twyla becomes a waitress and Roberta is presumably an escort, from the way she is described. Roberta’s mother doesn’t want to be friends with Twyla’s mother, so that may be a tell of the races, but it is still pretty vague. When Twyla and Roberta meet later on in the story, Roberta reminds Twyla that she â€Å"kicked a poor old black lady when she was down on the ground† (morrison) referring to Maggie. The interesting part about thisShow MoreRelatedAn Unknown Girl Analysis1379 Words   |  6 PagesAfrica. (Narrative Article, Literary  Analysis.) Poetry Analysis: An Unknown Girl- Moniza  Alvi. 28May In the evening bazaar Studded with neon An unknown girl Is hennaing my hand She squeezes a wet brown line Form a nozzle She is icing my hand, Which she steadies with her On her satin peach knee. In the evening bazaar For a few rupees An unknown girl is hennaing my hand As a little air catches My shadow stitched kameez A peacock spreads its lines Across my palm. Colours leave theRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreEssay on Country Lovers1003 Words   |  5 PagesA Forbidden Lover Story I chose to discuss the short story by Nadie Gordimer, Country Lovers, I will identify the theme and the literary elements that helped me with my analysis. I would consider the story Country Lovers to be the story of racial barriers that created a forbidden love story. There are many literary elements that aid my analysis, and support my interpretation of the stories theme. I will discuss how symbolism, characters, and settings supported the forbidden love story themeRead MoreEssay on Finding Meaning in For Color Girls1232 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"†¦And this is for colored girls who have considered suicide but are moving to the end of their own rainbow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Perry: For Colored Girls, 2010). For colored girls was first written and performed as a play by Ntozake Shange in 1977. It was then called â€Å"for colored girls who have considered suicide when the rainbow was enuf†. Tyler Perry adapted and transformed it into a movie in 2010. For colored girls is c entered on nine women as they encounter their fair share of neglect, abuse, pain and harassmentRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1482 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† that gives us insight about Maya’s life as a young black girl growing up in a time of racism. The novel discusses various forms of oppression that she had to face as well cope with them. Robert A. Gross wrote an analysis for Newsweek about the book and claimed that Angelou’s book is not only an interesting story of her own experience, but also a portrayal of a Southern black community, thus being a historic reference of the 1930’s. Joanne Megna-Wallace backs upRead MoreConflict of Convictions1695 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents Section 1: Introduction page 3 Section 2: Historical Context page 4 Section 3: Common Theme in other literature page 5 Section 4: Analysis page 7 Section 5: Conclusion page 9 Section 6: Works Cited page page 10 Introduction The literary piece â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† by George Orwell, highlights the apprehensions of a colonial officers obligation to shoot a rogue elephant. The author does not want to shoot the elephantRead MorePortrayals Of Women During 1800s And 50s Literature1107 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst hand accounts are available. It is my working hypothesis that through the sheer number of women involved in temperance movements, we can infer that the horrors that inebriated men would inflict on women were widely known, if little discussed, and that while first hand accounts are highly limited, literary works can give us a look at what these intimate interactions and relationships were like during the 1840s and 1850s. My research will focus on literary portrayals of how intoxicated men treatedRead MoreMetaphors from Slavery to Post Emancipation: An Exploration of The Loophole of Retreat and The Veil1613 Words   |  7 Pageseffectively communicating with white audiences. The white audience ranged from supporters of abolition and black rights to past or present slaveholders. Authors had to reach southern and northern audiences and have an appearance of humbleness to attract some and action to attract others. One of the methods that was used to make their writings attractive across audiences was metaphor. This literary device allowed them to code meaning to present information in the dosage that each type of audience neededRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Disgrace 1108 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Disgrace by J.M. Coetzee In J.M. Coetzee’s 1999 novel â€Å"Disgrace† we can see the life of a father and a daughter who both go through life changing events. While the father, David Lurie, is accused of rape because of sleeping with a student, his daughter Lucie Lurie is actually raped by three black men. The setting of this book is in post-apartheid South Africa, where we can see that the problem this setting faces is how blacks and white can live together. In this book there is the useRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Quinceanera And Rite Of Passage1538 Words   |  7 PagesSayelly Olivo AP Literature Miss Fields 23 October 2017 Poem Analysis Many time we spent our whole childhood wishing we were older and now we’re spending our adulthood wishing to be younger. In the poems â€Å"Quinceanera† and â€Å"Rite of Passage† both Cofer and Olds explore the theme of the coming of age and we acquire to truly live up to those adult characteristic that are found within every child , the authors use various literary devices, such as imagery, tone, and figurative language. Cofer portrays

The Fire Next Time By James Baldwin - 1394 Words

The Fire Next Time and its political message â€Å"The country is celebrating one hundred years of freedom one hundred years too soon.† (Baldwin, 10) The Fire Next Time, written by James Baldwin in 1963 brings up the segregation in mid-20th century America with emphasis on the impact of history and politics. Although Baldwin’s main focus was not politics it is nonetheless an important aspect of the racial segregation because it was how the laws were interpreted that constituted the crime. Even though the law was not on the black populations side Baldwin was hopeful for the future and through politics and history he believed that â€Å"we can make America whet America must become,† a state that sees people of all races as equal; and the best way of†¦show more content†¦Throughout the book Baldwin mentions the Holocaust and in particular on page 52 he writes â€Å"For the crime of their ancestry, millions of people in the middle of the twentieth century, and in the heart of Europe - God’s cit adel – were sent to death so calculated, so hideous, and so prolonged that no age before this enlightened one had been able to imagine it.† In Germany, The Jews were persecuted for their religion. In America on the other hand, people were taught that the white population was superior to the black. The black and white population did not sit on the same side on the bus, the black housekeepers were not allowed to use the same restroom as white people, and they were denied enrollment to the same schools as white children. The persecution of many individuals in Germany was due to their Jewish ancestors, the persecuted were accused of having â€Å"Jewish blood† because according to Jewish religion, one must be chosen by the religion from birth; meaning that if one’s ancestor was a Jew, then that ancestors treacherous Jewish blood was prominent in their offspring as well. Similarly, in Louisiana 1896, Homer Plessy was arrested because he sat in a railroad car designated for the white population. Plessy was 7/8 white but he was still seen as a black man by the supreme court in the

Can Suicide Be Prevented. As Said In The Dictionary,

Can Suicide Be Prevented? As said in the dictionary, suicide is the desperate attempt to escape unbearable pain or suffering by intentionally causing one own’s death. In simpler terms, an act of suicide is when someone takes their life, commonly due to immense feelings of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, or depression. According to the Centers for Disease Control, over the past decade, suicide rates have risen quickly to the tenth leading cause of death among people over the age of ten. The CDC also stated that over 40,000 of these deaths have been recorded each year, meaning that about 100 people take their lives each day - a statistic that is almost too hard to hear. The main fear concerning this issue is that more and more people†¦show more content†¦Since men are less likely to seek medical help, there are more males lost because of suicide, although twice as many females attempt at killing themselves. The University of Washington published the article, Facts Ab out Mental Illness and Suicide, which states that three to twenty percent of bipolars and six to fifteen percent of schizophrenics die by suicide. Also, people with personality disorders are an estimated three times as likely to take their life during desperate measures according to the University of Washington’s Mental Health Report. Since so many of these mental illnesses go undiagnosed and untreated, this leaves many people facing an extremely high chance for a suicidal death. According to The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), there are many people that are at a high risk for suicide that should be followed psychiatrically. The NAMI says that those who are most likely to kill themselves would include those with a family history of suicide, experience with substance abuse or intoxication, access to firearms, people with physically or emotionally tormenting health problems, struggles with constant stress, and time spent in isolation. Another group of people who are thought of to have a great chance to commit suicide are those who struggle with gender and sexual identities. The No Bullying Organization says that LGBT teenagers are two to three times more likely to take their lives. About one-thirdShow MoreRelatedPhysician Assisted Suicide661 Words   |  3 Pagesthat comes up is Physician assisted suicide. Webster’s dictionary define it as, â€Å"suicide by a patient facilitated by means or information (as a drug prescription or indication of the lethal dosage) provided by a physician who is aware of how the patient intends to use such means or information.† Most of us have experienced the pain of seeing our loved ones dying in a hospital since doctors and modern medicine can only help us so much. Physician assisted suicide not only helps alleviates the neverRead MoreEuthanasia Is The United States Of America861 Words   |  4 PagesLife can be a long, treacherous journey filled with many blessings, disappointments, surprises, and failures. However, the only thing guaranteed in our unpredictable lives is that one day each of us will meet our death. According to the Mariam Webster’s Dictionary, euthanasia is ‘the act or practice of killing someone who is very sick or injured in order to prevent any more suffering.’ Understandably, one suffering from a terminal illness such as AIDS, cancer, or Alzheimer’s, may think it best toRead MoreSuicide among Teenagers999 Words   |  4 Pagesteenager I have said many times before that I hate my life. I know many people who express hatred for the life that they live. Most of those kids only say it because the one time they didn’t get something they wanted came around. But little do people think before they talk, many people actually do hate their lives and try to end their lives every day. Once every minute someone tries to commit suicide. 60-70 times a day these attempts succeed. I became interested in the social problem of suicide when I lostRead MoreEssay on Andrea Yates1807 Words   |  8 Pagesand her husband had idealistic, Bible-inspired notions about family and motherhood, so she kept her tormenting secrets to herself. She didnt realize how much mental illness there was in her own family, from depression to bipolar disorder—which can contribute to postpartum psychosis. In her initial stages, she remained undiagnosed and untreated. She kept her secrets from everyone.† (Ramsland, 2008) In June of 1999 Andrea was started to feel the affects of her major depressive order. She calledRead More Euthanasia Should Be Legal Essay2432 Words   |  10 Pagesis low, relieves economic burden, and is simply a personal choice. Euthanasia is referred to as a method of anticipating death with less pain and suffering. There are two main types of euthanasia, active euthanasia and passive euthanasia, which can be either voluntarily or involuntarily. Voluntary active euthanasia is when a doctor agrees to a â€Å"rational request of an adequately informed, competent patient to be killed† (Gert). In this case, a doctor injects the patient with a lethal dosage ofRead MoreEssay on Expectations in the Movie The Hours3010 Words   |  13 PagesLeonards sanity and happiness. She realizes the great pressure she puts on him and sees her suicide as a way of freeing him from being responsible for her. Brown feels stifled by her doting husband and son and contemplates killing herself and her unborn baby but decides to leave her family after the birth of her child. Vaughan is forced to let go of Richard, at least physically, after he commits suicide. Each woman is under tremendous pressure from both herself and society. Woolf is a literaryRead MoreEthical Arguments For and Against Voluntary Euthanasia Essay2052 Words   |  9 PagesCox was acting out of mercy and compassion should act in favour for him. Even with modern pain control people can still suffer right to the end of life. If the killing is done at the patients request it is called voluntary euthanasia. If it is done without the patients request, even though they could have requested it before they were in a state which prevented them from doing so, then it is called involuntary euthanasia. If a patient was never capable of requesting thisRead MoreCyberbullying : What Is It? Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pagesinstigated by a minor against another minor. Cyberbullying is fast growing; urgent solutions need to be provided to stop this menace. Those with little or no knowledge about cyberbullying should be educated; everyone should be enlightened so as to be prevented from falling victims. 1. What is your initial point of view? My initial point of view is that, Cyberbullying should be stopped because it is a menace to the society; it passes the wrong information to the younger children on the proper use ofRead MorePsychological Problems After 9/112598 Words   |  11 Pagesof this would be the teenager who got his first traffic violation for going over the speed limit; he just learned the value of following the law and that every action has a consequence. As you can see this event was minor and just affected him directly. On the other hand, some events are catastrophic and can change millions of lives worldwide; like the attacks to the RMS Lusitania by Germans or the attacks of 9/11. As you read, we are going to recall those events, explore the opinions and thoughtsRead MoreEssay Grief and Bereavement in The Catcher in the Rye2485 Words   |  10 Pageslike committing suicide; jumping out the window; sitting on an atomic bomb; blue as hell; felt like getting stinking drunk; cant sleep.   The critics who perceived this books central theme to be teen-age angst miss the deep underlying theme of grief and bereavement.   Ambrosio asks the question, Is silence for a writer tantamount to suicide?   Why does the writer choose silence?   Is it the result of a prior disturbance that cant be named(45)?   Salingers themes of suicide and death are

Relevant Discipline of International Relations

Question: Write an essay on the "Relevant Discipline of International Relations". Answer: Introduction International relations are activities in which relationships are developed across the world in the field of political science. It may also be defined as a process in which students takes a variety of courses to learn humanities and social science. International relations during 1980s and 1990s are mainly based on two issues (Ball 2014). The first issue is the development of the neorealist approach and the second issue is the development of reflective. However during those days, these issues were not an issue of debate as it in in the present scenario. In this assignment the researcher has discussed the processes through which international relations will develop. Discussion According to Frick and Oberprantacher (2016), international relations cannot be easily separated from values and fact. The International relation is also a discipline which is concerned with the different activities of human beings. From the initial stage of international relations both these issues were not easily accepted by the human beings. On the other hand Gilpin and Gilpin (2012) states that different thoughts also prevail in international relations. This activity was particularly more prominent when positivism was a dominant methodology. The main reason for this type of activity is the development of world politics. A strong debate has been raised to separate facts from the values. Raising awareness about the world politics is an important criterion. Therefore from the above discussion, I have understood that value and facts are important parts of international relations. Without these two factors, international relations cannot be developed. As stated by Hast, (2016) international relations were highly influenced by the policies of the United States of America. Different methodologies which are being used by the US policy have a severe effect on international relations. The United States of America has shown the world the path of international relations. On the other hand, Maliniak, Powers and Walter (2013), says that international relations occupy maximum of the worlds popularity. In order to deal with this type of critical issue, an academic community has been developed by the publication sector of the United States. It has also been found that if international relations are narrowed down then, it will also have an effect on the worlds population. International relations are mainly controlled by the people who are politically strong. International relations cannot solve the problem of terrorism across the world. Many of the countries are still in the developing stage and the people there are affected by severe disease (Frick and Oberprantacher 2016). Thus it is understood that International relations are also facing difficulties in solving the problem. Therefore from the above discussion I have come to the conclusion that different methodologies followed by the United States of America have an impact on International Relations. According to Reus-Smit and Snidal (2014), international relations are mainly focused on its traditional approach which is being followed since last fifty years. The Older version of social science is being followed. A benchmark has also been selected based on positivism. This is being compared to the intellectual environment in many of the academic communities. On the other hand, Subotic and Zarakol, (2013) believes that it has been found that there are ways in which limitations are being accepted. Papers released by some authors in the USA have clearly identified that in the present scenario international relations are changing their activities from the traditional thoughts. Social and cultural activities have been implemented within international relations. Therefore, from the above discussion I have come to the conclusion that International relations mainly follows traditional thoughts but in the last few years the process has changed. According to Tommy (2013), international relations reflect on the academics and power of the individuals. This issue has been discussed with priority in the international studies association. Different issues have been discussed, among which the most important factor is the relationship between the political responsibility and their teaching roles. Teaching is not a neutral act as it is provided to a lot of students. On the other hand, Frick and Oberprantacher (2016), says that teaching and researching are related to academics. Whenever a topic is being researched, it automatically gets the status and reflects the political, social, economic and cultural activity of the topic (Reus-Smit and Snidal 2014). Therefore, I have come to the conclusion that international relations reflect on the power and the social status of the individuals According to Gilpin and Gilpin (2012), international relations put more stress on the relationship between the ideational and material. The relation between the material and ideational has made international relation a complex structure. Rationalism says that identity is created through interests. On the other hand, Maliniak, Powers and Walter (2013), says that Marxism is missing in international relations. It has been implemented superficially in the last twenty years. Critical realism should be included in international relations. Therefore, according to me, international relation should be further developed to provide a clear picture to American politics According to Subotic and Zarakol, (2013), international relations have been neglected for a long period. It was mainly neglected in the policies which have been used in USA. The International relation is brutally killed by the politics of USA. On the other hand, Maliniak, Powers and Walter (2013), says that women have been less involved in international relations. This has mainly occurred because of core assumptions that women cannot take part in International Relations. Therefore, I have come to the conclusion that international relation in the modern days should be further developed. As a whole it will develop humanity as a whole. Conclusion The researcher has thoroughly discussed the different activities which are associated with international relations. International relations are closely related with values and facts. The activity has mainly developed because of world politics. The United States of America has a strong influence on international relations. They have shown the pathway for the development of international relations. However, international relations are not able to solve a problem like terrorism and poverty from the world. The researcher has also said that different steps are taken by different governments to solve such problems. References Ball, D. 2014,Power and international relations: essays in honour of Coral Bell,Australian National University Press, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Frick, M., and Oberprantacher, A., Dr;2016;,Power and Justice in International Relations : Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Challenges,Ashgate, Farnham. Gilpin, R. and Gilpin, J.M. 2012,The political economy of international relations,Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. Hast, S. 2016,Spheres of Influence in International Relations: History, Theory and Politics,New edn, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, GB. Maliniak, D., Powers, R. and Walter, B.F. 2013, "The gender citation gap in international relations",International Organization,vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 889. Reus-Smit, C. and Snidal, D. 2014. Six Wishes For A More Relevant Discipline of International Relations.Oxford University Press. Subotic, J. and Zarakol, A. 2013, "Cultural intimacy in International Relations",European Journal of International Relations,vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 915-938. Tel, M., Professor 2016,International Relations: A European Perspective,Ashgate Publishing Ltd, GB. Tommy T. B. Koh 2013,International relations,World Scientific Pub Co Pte, GB.

Globalisation and Caribbean identity Essay Example

Globalisation and Caribbean identity Paper We have standardization of eating habits, dress and cultural products resulting in growing similarities in the living conditions of societies. On the other hand, diversification strives to preserve the multiple facets of society by promoting access to the diverse features of world heritage. Moreover, faced with the wave of homogenization of lifestyles, communications, language and cultures there is resistance in the economic and political field, as in the cultural field, to preserve identities and defend the rights of minorities. Nettleford is of the view that like imperialism before, globalization in its cultural dimension is likely to fail, for the natural antidote to the poison of homogenization, which is what cultural globalization threatens, is the retreat to areas of specificity where people feel secure because they control the processes that make them viable. This is in reference to such areas as religion, the arts and private philosophies about self and society. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation and Caribbean identity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation and Caribbean identity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation and Caribbean identity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Caribbean society, he writes, retreated to these areas with rich results in religious expressions and the creative arts (visual and performing) as well as home-spun philosophy to be found in their oral literature which houses the collective wisdom of the ordinary people. Carolyn Cooper (1995), specifically locates reggae music within the framework of cultural resistance because of its longtime association with the Jamaican underclass and history of suppression by bourgeois cultural institutions. Resistance, it must be highlighted, is a recurring theme in a number of reggae songs. But it is to the technological dimension of globalization and its effect on Caribbean culture/identity that I want to return. Global society and international politics have been transformed by developments in telecommunications technology which have revolutionized the speed and conduct of all aspects of global interaction, political, social, and economic with the potential to change irrevocably, all aspects of human life. It is culture that binds societies together and ensures that social interaction is practised on the basis of commonly accepted norms and behaviour patterns. The accompanying homogenization of ideas and behaviour patterns reduce cultural diversity particularly evident in the youth who are the most exposed to global media, and who consequently exhibit a remarkable sameness in taste and consumption patterns. We cannot insulate ourselves against the media and further integration into a global culture but we do not have to succumb to an homogenous global culture. The Caribbean region has been continuously exposed to international media in the form of books, magazines, periodicals, radio broadcasts and in more recent times, a bombardment of television channels, particularly those originating from the USA and transmitted by satellite technology. Indeed, we find that events in distant locations are often more readily available on television in the Caribbean than information originating in our own rural areas or neighbouring regional capitals. This has had a profound effect on Caribbean lifestyles, consumer habits with a corresponding threat to Caribbean identity, as by osmosis, external influences begin to permeate all aspects of life and threaten the uniqueness of Caribbean identity. The danger posed is that of a society even more fragmented by externally acquired behaviour patterns and cultures. The vast majority of electronically transmitted material, writes Aggrey Brown of CARIMAC, is made up of entertainment- the vehicle for advertising messages- the bulk of it originating in the USA. Studies conducted in the Caribbean by Hosein and Brown respectively in the mid 70s and 80s revealed that an average of over 70% of television programmes transmitted in the region originate from outside the region; as of the early 90s Latin America and the Caribbean together were found to account for approximately 10% of the worlds television audience. Consumer choice in the CARICOM region is determined by a number of factors which include the regions proximity to North America which permits easy access to domestic satellite transmissions; the sharing of a common language and by extension, culture in its narrow sense; the ease of travel between North America and CARICOM also has had an impact on the consumption of media technologies in the region. Tourism as a major industry in the region facilitates further interaction with Americans and since many West Indians live in the USA, linkages are further personalized. There has been much debate in international fora, in academia and among media professionals over the question of the potential threat to indigenous Caribbean culture by the unprecedented global penetration of the new media technologies resulting from the enormous capacities for information access, transmission and retrieval, referred to by Rex Nettleford as the hijacking of the regions media, the invasion of the Caribbean peoples intellectual space and the cultural bombardment of the entire region by every means possible from North America. . Some researchers have challenged the idea that the media are agents of domination and that locally produced programmes can and do exceed the popularity of the imported programmes. Others have argued that it is mainly the elite in the developing world who had access to foreign media; this however, has been countered that it is the elite who determine policy hence would be at the greatest risk as Nettleford argues, of cultural conditioning away from a national or regional sensibility. It has also been argued that there is evidence in the Caribbean that the imbalanced flow of cultural products from the North has been countered to some degree by the success of Caribbean music with overseas audiences (Dunn), most notable reggae an calypso (Nettleford,McCann). Hilary Brown in her article on American Media Impact on Jamaican Youth: The Cultural Dependency Thesis, reports on a study around the question of whether the Jamaican Youth are the subject of a massive cultural assault from the unending flow of American television, magazines, books, films and music which bombard them daily. Here, culture was defined as a learned system of meaning and symboling which defines the unique identity of a people. Brown describes certain trends which were identified in Jamaica as evidence of cultural dependency: the desire to emigrate to the USA among certain groups in the society, the brain drain among the professional classes, the demand for consumer products not realizable for many in the context of a developing country and the extreme popularity of the day time soap operas. In addition, there is the tendency of those who work in the tourist industry to imitate the American accent, the love of American music among the upper and middle classes, and the disdain for local traditions. This is within the context of the fact that the media in Jamaica and the rest of the Caribbean have a history of foreign ownership which goes back to the days of colonialism. This introduction of the media by external forces resulted in the adoption of radio and TV technology with its reliance on commercial enterprises for revenue which are not in abundance in most of the Caribbean countries. So without the productive capacity and resources it is almost impossible to get out of the cycle of dependency. Despite the regions rich cultural heritage which does fuel a thriving theatre industry, certainly in Jamaica, there are still factors such as high local production costs as against the cheaper foreign import, limited resources and the lack of an industry which would keep producers and talent gainfully employed. The findings of the study supported the urgent need for more culturally relevant media products for consumption by the people of the region and in particular, the youth. The images shown are irrelevant to the Caribbean reality and the regions media are not fulfilling the storytelling function which will contribute according to Nettleford, to cultural certitude, continuity and survival in language, religion, kinship patterns, ethnicity and artistic manifestations. Nettleford contends that the network of national television and radio stations throughout Africa, the Caribbean and the Americas need to propagate material created by African people about African people so that the people of Africa and the Diaspora can interpret themselves faithfully to themselves and to the rest of the world.. He points out further that even the US has understood the urgency of creating and projecting its own expressive cultural forms. In some third world countries the leaders have expressed concerns about national identity and cultural sensitivity in the face of the emergence of the new technology, mainly in the form of satellite television. The complaint is that US cultural and political influence globally has gained strength from the dominance of American programmes in their countries. It was against this background that a study was undertaken in Trinidad and Tobago to assess the Americanization of the youth of this twin-island Republic. Trinidad and Tobago was the first country in the English-speaking Caribbean to have introduced television technology, with one television station in 1962, to provide public service information, education and entertainment. Along with some local information, education and entertainment, programming has been dominated by American programmes. With three television stations now, the availability of American fare is even more significant. Studies (Skinner) have revealed that television viewing in Trinidad and Tobago is positively related to US values, appeal, dependency and appreciation. William Demas is reported to have made the observation that the Caribbean has a rich treasure of not only cultural heritage but also cultural achievement; however, more and more of the regions cultural identity was being undermined by foreign programmes, many of which were of an extraordinarily poor quality, with a negative impact on the societies. Lynette Lashley reporting on the study carried out in Trinidad and Tobago, concluded that there is a fairly deep influence of American entertainment programming on the Trinidadian youth. The youth longed to live the life as seen on American TV. In response to the argument for more locally produced fare it was said that it would not make much economic sense; economics explains the deluge of American programming in Trinidad and Tobago. Yet, some of these technologies can offer important opportunities to address productivity, as well as the developmental and communication needs of our people. Technological applications in the provision of distance education and the availability of inter-active self-teaching facilities can enhance the quality of life in our societies. In addition, the communication technology revolution has served to intensify and expand the influence of Caribbean music, notably reggae. Jamaican music, says Nettleford, has always been competitive. Reggae is part of the vocabulary of every working pop musician. Whether it is Harry Belafonte with his version of island music or Jimmy Cliff, Peter Tosh, and of course. Bob Marley, music from the Caribbean has always dominated the airwaves. He says further that, Jamaican music has had a chance to test its mettle and develop myriad variations not only in the beat but also with enough social message to stir on the people of Zimbabwe and of South Africa to freedom. This, he writes, reflects part of both the globalizing phenomenon of the present and the future as well as the countervailing retreat into the specificity of individual and group experience. Along with the international success of the reggae, a reggae category is now included in the prestigious American Grammy Awards, is the development of the only 20th century musical instrument, the steel pan, a significant cultural milestone, in the early 1940s in Trinidad and Tobago. Jamaicas annual Reggae Sunsplash and Trinidad and Tobagos annual Carnival attract thousands of visitors from all over the world and the regions artists, novelists and poets receive international acclaim for excellence in their respective fields. So, if Caribbean culture is in fact demonstrating resilience in the face of adversity/competition, then it seems only appropriate that the media should seek to reinforce it.

Explaining the theories of play Essay Example

Explaining the theories of play Essay Example Explaining the theories of play Paper Explaining the theories of play Paper This paper explores how drama helps in the mental, societal, emotional and cognitive development in kids. By explicating the theories of drama, it besides explores how drama has changed over the old ages due to technological alterations and the cognitive, mental, societal emotional and societal alterations which take topographic point when kids play. Other facets of drama which are explored includes its part as an mercantile establishment for kids to cover with experiences in the environment. Play is so of import to a kid s development that it is promoted by the United Nations 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 31.1, which recognizes the right of the kid to rest and leisure, to prosecute in drama and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the kid and to take part freely in cultural life and the humanistic disciplines ( WHO, 1989 ) . Acknowledging that kids need clip to prosecute in self-driven drama is of kernel among parents, health professionals and pedagogues. Play promotes the cognitive, societal, emotional and physical development of the kid hence it should non be underestimated. Children besides develop and beef up accomplishments such as linguistic communication development, job resolution, negotiating, and sequencing accomplishments which will be used in farther acquisition ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) . The function of drama in kids development has been illustrated in assorted theoretical accounts and theories. For case, Jean Piaget s theoretical accounts of kid development and acquisition are based on the perceptual experience that when a kid grows, it develops knowledge constructions and mental images ( strategies ) or linked constructs to understand and react to physical conditions in the environment. This are necessitated through drama activities therefore harmonizing to Piaget, a kid s construction in knowledge develops from innate physiological reactions to complex mental activities ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) . Harmonizing to Almon J. ( 2004 ) Piaget identifies four developmental phases which include Sensory motor where the kid at birth to two old ages builds constructs about how world works with the environing environment. At this phase, a kid does nt hold object permanency ( cognition that physical objects exist when non sighted ) . In the pre-occupational phase, the kid does nt gestate abstractly and needs physical fortunes which are concrete ( age of seven to 11 old ages ) . At two to seven old ages, the kid is in the concrete operational phase where he begins to gestate and explicate physical experiences by logical constructions and can besides prosecute in abstract job work outing. In the formal operations phase, knowledge constructions are adult like and embrace conceptual logical thinking. On the footing of the above phases hence, Piaget develops the cognitive theory of drama which outlines the cognitive rules of how knowledge can be built in kids ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . Harmonizing to this theory, Repetition of experiences through drama necessitates assimilation in the kid s constructions of knowledge therefore the kid sustains a mental equilibrium. New or different experiences cause loss of equilibrium and alter the kid s cognitive construction to suit new conditions therefore more and more constructions of knowledge are erected. Formalized acquisition every bit good as linguistic communication development is enhanced in playing kids. Coolhan K. et Al. ( 2000 ) suggests that chances for larning unwritten communicating is presented to the kid and this early development of linguistic communication will subsequently be utile in reading and composing. In add-on, kids develop problem-solving accomplishments as they play. Some of the playing activities they engage in require critical thought accomplishments like edifice with blocks, playing with H2O and sand, making mystifiers, or building and planing their inventive drama country ( Huertwitz S. , 2002 ) . Free kid driven play will do a kid funny about his or her universe and this facilitates farther acquisition. Therefore harmonizing to Ginsburg K. ( 2001 ) , when allowed to prosecute countries of their ain involvement, kids are likely to develop a positive attitude towards larning. Harmonizing to Jean Piaget, Play creates an ambiance which is relaxed where larning can take topographic point easy. In add-on, Piaget suggests that drama is non similar to acquisition and for development in knowledge to happen, there has to be assimilation and version. He further refers to play as assimilation in the absence of adjustment. Jean Piaget outlines four types of drama viz. physical or centripetal motor drama where a kid engages in repeat of physical activity such as vacillation of the pess or back throwing of the caput for sheer enjoyment of making so. In symbolic drama, the kid has a mental representation of non present worlds. In this type of drama Piaget suggests that It is chiefly affectional struggles that appear in symbolic play.A If there is a scene at tiffin, for illustration, one can be certain that an hr or two afterward it will be recreated with dolls and will be brought to a happier solution.A If the kid has been frightened by a Canis familiaris, in a symbolic game things will be arranged so that Canis familiariss will no longer be average or kids will go brave ( Piaget, 1912 ) . Examples of types of drama which encompass Piaget s types include ; A A Games of pivots ( Construction ) which A A Involve larning by chance from symbolic drama. On this type of drama, Piaget suggested that they are ab initio imbued with drama symbolism but tend subsequently to represent echt versions or solutions to jobs and intelligent creative activities Piaget, 1962.A A Other games include Games holding arbitrary regulations, games affecting two or more participants, board games with regulations, athleticss and card games ( Prunus dulcis J. , 2004 ) Hurtwitz S. ( 2002 ) suggests that originative drama signifiers portion of originative activity in kids which enables them to show themselves openly and without judgement and its shown when familiar stuffs are used in an unusual manner particularly when kids engage in inventive drama and role-playing. Creativity nurtures a kid s emotional wellness and the experiences underwent during their first old ages of life can significantly develop their creativeness. It fosters mental development by supplying chances for seeking out new thoughts, ways of problem-solving and thought ( Singer et al. , 1996 ) . Children need to be provided with originative stuffs and experiences like drawing/painting, picture taking, music, field trips, working with wire, clay, paper, wood, H2O or shadows. Time is needed to research these stuffs on their ain in order to purse their thoughts. This involves clip to believe about how to be after, design, concept, experiment and revision undertaking thoughts. Assortm ents experiences like field trips, observing vacations and activities with other cultural groups and promoting kids to convey visitants to school leads to creativeness. Children should hold more personal experiences with people and state of affairss outside of their ain environment, in order to integrate them in their drama ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . Harmonizing to Piaget, drama in kids enhances cognitive development which is achieved when there is a continued equilibrium between assimilation ( enforcing a scheme which exists on the universe ) and adjustment ( where the scheme are modified to suit the universe ) .For illustration through pretension drama, a kid imposes mental scheme on the universe therefore assimilation and they besides observe or imitate past events or activity therefore adjustment ; drama besides facilitates creative activity of tenseness between adjustment and assimilation which contributes to development in the kid ( Coolhan K. et al. , 2000 ) . Piaget to boot suggests that when kids play with objects ( pivots ) they develop symbolic abstract ideas and they construct their cognition through societal group interaction which is internalized into idea. Fantasy drama or lone drama in babyhood become concerted and negotiated therefore lending to the societal, cognitive and emotional position ( personality ) of th e kid ( Singer et. Al. , 2006 ) . Play develops societal accomplishments in kids particularly when playing house and taking up the functions of different household members. Vygotsky cites a state of affairs of two sisters playing at being sisters. They get good behaviors and dealingss between them that are neer noticed in day-to-day life state of affairss. Therefore drama allows interaction between kids as they communicate with each other, socialise in drama and listen to thoughts of others ( Vygotsky, 1978 ) . Cooperation is besides enhanced in these kids as they discover the importance of working together and sharing the drama tools available. Incase of struggles, they are able to negociate for better continued playing. Furthermore, a socially healthy kid adjusts good in school are more likely to execute good academically ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . Motor accomplishment development is enhanced by active drama activities in kids. They gravitate to physical activity when left on their ain. In drama, they perform many activities like running and leaping which leads to physical fittingness. Children who do nt play are more prone to fleshiness and many other complications. Apart from big musculus accomplishments, active drama besides enhances the development of little motor accomplishments when kids build, pigment or drama with clay. Acquisition and polish of accomplishments necessary for successful acquisition in school is via active drama ( Ginshburg K. , 2001 ) . Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory and related it to play in kids. Harmonizing to him, drama gives kids a good platform to talk out unrealized wants and helps in uncovering hidden, unconscious wants and struggles. Through drama, kids resolve tensenesss and construct their cognitive, emotional and moral facets of life therefore lending to their personality. Children initiate drama activities and through this, they are able to pass on symbolically through verbal and non verbal agencies, e.g. through such drama activities like narrative and narrative relation or those which involve delegating functions ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) Harmonizing Freud, Play in kids helps to alleviate assorted signifiers of anxiousness which include nonsubjective anxiousness, the fright of the external universe ; instinctual anxiousness ; the fright of 1s ain inherent aptitudes and the anxiousness of scruples ( ace self-importance ) . Freud farther suggests that kids during babyhood can non oppose actively and defend themselves from the outside universe either physically or by alteration harmonizing to their will. Their self-importance therefore in all sorts of ways enterprises to support itself against it by agencies of physical force or to modify it in conformity to their ain will ( Freud, 1936 ) The self-importance in kids harmonizing to Freud therefore defends itself by denial of world by phantasy, transmutation of world to accommodate ain intent and carry through ain wants and it is at this point that the kid accepts world. He suggests that kids express denial in signifier of drama utilizing word or art. He suggested that ; A little pocketbook or bantam umbrella is intended to assist a small miss to feign to be a grown-up lady.A Toy arms of assorted kinds enable a small male child to ape manhood.A Even dolls create the fiction of maternity, while trains, autos, or blocks produce in the heads of kids the agreeable phantasy that they can command the universe .A ( Freud, 1936 ) Erik Erikson derived the theory of kid development in which he suggested that development and socialisation procedures occur in specific preset phases and he focused on the societal facet of development. He divided life in eight phases each with a alone clip frame and features. Harmonizing to Erickson, each phase of development has a negative result and he termed this as an identity crisis . In Erickson s phases hence, I will concentrate on the first four phases which are important to play and the kid s societal development ( vocalist et. al. , 2006 ) Harmonizing to Erikson, satisfactory acquisition and declaration of each crisis is necessary if the kid is to pull off the following and subsequent 1s satisfactorily, merely as the foundation of a house is indispensable to the first floor, which in bend must be structurally sound to back up the 2nd floor ( vocalist et al. , 2006 ) . Erickson besides suggests that larning Trust Versus Mistrust occurs in the first one or two old ages and at this phase he asserts that if the kid is given good nurturing and love, drama is facilitated therefore trust and security is developed. On the other manus, if handled severely, insecurity and misgiving is inculcated in the kid and this bounds play activity which will subsequently attest in the kid as intervention of others with intuition and misgiving ( Smith D. , 2000 ) . The 2nd phase, Autonomy versus Shame, harmonizing to Erickson takes topographic point in early childhood, between 18 months to four old ages. The kid if good parented comes out this phase certain about himself, has elation with his control and is proud and non ashamed. If hapless parenting is given, drama activity is curbed and therefore a psychosocial crisis which encompasses a stormy kid with fits negativity and obstinacy ensues ( Hurtwitz s. , 2002 ) . This crisis is negative to play activity in the kid impacting the societal development of the kid. Harmonizing to Erickson, The 3rd phase, Initiative versus Guilt, consequences in happening of crisis during the drama age in ulterior preschool old ages. At this phase, the healthy developing child learns to conceive of drama activity and to broaden accomplishments via active drama of assorted sorts which may include phantasy. The kid besides learns to collaborate with others and to take every bit good as to follow. However if guilt is inculcated in the kid, he becomes fearful, does non take part in drama, depends unnecessarily on grownups and drama accomplishments are restricted in development and imaginativeness ( singer et al. , 2006 ) . The 4th phase as per Erickson is Industry versus Inferiority which occurs between school age and junior high school and at this phase, the kid Masterss accomplishments of life with respect to associating with other equals in conformity with regulations, go oning from free drama to play which may be structured by regulations and participates in formal teamwork e.g. baseball while prosecuting in societal surveies and arithmetic ( Alman J. , 2004 ) . Homework is necessary and self-discipline additions annually. Therefore a kid who has passed the old phases successfully through drama activity and good nurturing will be hardworking. Establishing on the above phases, Erikson perceived the universe of drama as of import to early phases of development of a kid as it offers a safe topographic point for the kid to work through his struggles for illustration kids can be seen forcing dolls in preschool in the same manner that they were pushed. They besides engage in function playing household members or other people and this frequently common. Harmonizing to Erickson, drama creates a safe universe in which effects are neither strong nor the bounds rigid. For illustration, some of the favourite things kids in preschool do include function playing, parents, instructors, monsters and wild animate beings ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . Harmonizing to Erickson hence, drama gives the kid an chance to form thoughts, phantasies and feelings in a program of drama. Therefore drama facilitates emotional development and allows geographic expedition of thoughts and relationships with less uncertainty, guilt and fake. Classical Theories of Play Harmonizing to the Surplus Energy Theory, a kid is motivated to play if he or she has a demand to let go of excess energy and drama occurs due to surplus energy which exists when kids are set free from their parents self saving activities.A Through the aimless legion drama activities, excess energy is released. However this theory does non explicate why people and kids with small energy engage in drama activities ( Ginsburg K. , 2001 ) . The relaxation theory was devised by Lazarus in 1883A and Patrick in 1916 and it plays a function in kids and is a manner of let go ofing suppressions which have accumulated from weariness as a consequence of comparatively new undertakings to kids. Therefore in kids, A Play replenishes used energy as a consequence of unfamiliar activities of knowledge that kid engages in. Harmonizing to the relaxation theory, kids and other people play because they need to loosen up and be off from normal life s emphasiss ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) . The readying Theory ( Instinct/Practice ) on the other manus suggests that drama prepares kids for grownup life through instruction: e.g. through such activities as squad work and function playing activities ( James et al ) . The palingenesis theory perceives hat activities which re-enact events from history are per se honoring e.g. hunting, throwing games, fell and seek and chasing. However, many of these activities do non reflect history ( Hurtzwitz, S. , 2002 ) . Harmonizing to the Cathartic Theory, kids play because of the demand of look of disorganised and painful emotions in a mode which is harmless. For illustration, kids may re-enact their penalties e.g. by call on the carpeting a doll. Children can let go of and finish antecedently restrained feelings by playing e.g. , spliting balloons, thumping clay, or pluging an hyperbolic bunching bag ) ( Schaefer, 1999 ) . This sort of emotional release is of import in psychotherapeutics ( Ginsberg, 1993 ) . The Compensation Theory perceives play in kids occurs to fulfill the psychic demands through their work e.g. drilling and insistent activity. However, this theory does non to the full account for the motive to play. Children who may desire to hit their friends because of choler can airt this action into drama utilizing war-like board games ( cheat, draughtss ) , card games ( war ) , or competitory athleticss activities ( Almon J. , 2004 ) . Some of the modern and station modern theories of drama which have been formulated include: Competence/Effectance Theory which perceives Humans as being out to seek and optimise their rousing degrees. This is due to the demand to bring forth interactions with the environment i.e. from kid to grownup. Harmonizing to this theory, arousal optimisation and demand for interaction with the environment leads to an consequence which gives kids a feeling of competency and is honoring to them. Though this theory accounts for general motive, it can non divide drama from work ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . A A Harmonizing to the Pre-Exercise Theory developed by Groos ( 1898 ) , drama in kids is a necessary pattern for indispensable behaviour in ulterior endurance. Thus the playful tactics for illustration contending carnal games or the unsmooth drama of kids are the portraiture of accomplishments which will help in their endurance and get bying later in life ( singer et al. , 2006 ) . Other theories include the palingenesis theory by G Stanley Hall ( 1906 ) and Wundt ( 1913 ) which perceives drama non as an activity which necessitates future instinctual accomplishments but serve to alleviate kids of unneeded familial instinctual accomplishments carried.A Harmonizing to this theory, Each kid passes through a series of drama phases matching to and recapitulating the cultural phases in the development of the race .A A Appleton in 1919 devised the growing theory which define drama as a response to generalise growing thrust in kids and ease the command of accomplishments which aid them in grownup map. A On the other manus, the Ego Expanding theories were developed by Lange in 1902 and Claparde in 1911 and they perceived drama as the manner of nature to finish the self-importance and thereby organizing the personality of the person in footings of knowledge, societal and other accomplishments ( Ginsberg K. , 2001 ) . A Harmonizing to childish kineticss by Lewin, drama takes topographic point as a consequence of the kid s cognitive life infinite which is unstructured thereby doing failure to distinguish existent and unreal.A Therefore, in Lewin s theory, the kid alterations into a behaviour of playful unreality in which things can be changed and are arbitrary ( singer et al. , 2006 ) . A Buytendijk devised another current theory of drama in which he suggested that the kid plays because he is a kid and because his cognitive kineticss do non let for any other manner of acting ( Smith D, 1995 ) therefore it expresses uncoordinated attack to the environment that the kid develops. A The Cathartic Theory ( Freud 1908 ) , perceives play as stand foring an effort to partially fulfill thrusts or work out struggles where the agencies for making so lacks in the kid therefore a kid has temporarily worked through a thrust through drama hence impermanent declaration to the thrust. Among the modern and station modern theories is besides the Psychoanalytic Theory by Buhler ( 1930 ) and Anna Freud ( 1937 ) . They suggested that drama in kids does non merely stand for wish-fulfilling efforts but besides attempts to get by with anxiousness arousing state of affairss which may overpower the kid therefore harmonizing to Freud and Buhler, drama in kids is both defensive and adaptative to cover with anxiousness ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) . Other current theories are Piagets cognitive theory which has been explained in the earlier phases of this paper. Play does non merely advance normal kid development, but besides helps them cover with experiences bing in the environment. Children who lack verbal ego look are able to joint their feeling and issues through drama ( Haworth, 1964 ) . Play acts as a agency of assisting kids trade with emotional and behavioural issues. In therapy for illustration, plaything and drama stuffs are provided to inform the kid that that infinite and clip is different from all others and that the kid should experience free to be to the full themselves ( James et al ) ) . The kid so plays out concerns and issues, which may be excessively hideous or anxiousness bring forthing to straight face them in the presence of anybody who can assist them to experience heard and understood. Symbolic representations through drama activities with dolls and marionettes give kids emotional distance from emotionally attached experiences, ideas and feelings ( Coolhan K. et al. , 2000 ) . Play is besides used to suppress fright in kids and therefore gaiety in kids dispels depression and emphasis ( Coolhan K. et al. , 2000 ) . Therefore leting a kid to play hide-and-seek in a darkened room can assist in suppressing fright of the dark. Furthermore, dramatic drama with hospital-related playthings can assist to significantly cut down hospital-specific frights. At the same clip, Fantasy drama helps a kid to travel from a passive to an active function for illustration when a kid engages in role-playing giving an injection to a doll patient. Fantasy drama in kids besides fosters the look of several defence mechanisms like projection, supplanting, repeat, and designation ( James et al ) . In every bit much as Play contributes to the cognitive, societal, emotional and mental wellbeing of kids, free clip for kids to prosecute in playing has been greatly reduced by technological development which has brought factors such as hurried life style, alterations in household construction, and increased attending to faculty members and enrichment ( Hurtwitz S. , 2002 ) . Childs who are under forced labor and development are non able to acquire clip and freedom to play. In the current universe, there are issues like war and vicinity force in which instance kids are non able to play due insecurity. Children from poorness stricken places have no resources that facilitate safe playing. However, even those kids from good off households with equal resources may non be profiting from drama due to an progressively hurried and pressured life style that prevent them from protected self-driven drama ( Almon et al. , 2004 ) . Many kids due to engineering are presently acquiring less clip for free exploratory drama because they are hurried to accommodate into big functions and their hereafter functions at immature stamp ages ( James et al ) . Parents are misled with carefully marketed messages that theoretical account parents expose their kids to every chance available to progress hence they go on purchasing many enrichment tools to guarantee their kids take portion in many activities alternatively of free exploratory drama. Some kids may be given specialised books and toys meant to excite them to develop adequately while others are provided with gyms and enrichment plans after school ( Ginsberg K. , 2007 ) . Many of these tools and plans are available and extremely advertised to parents who believed they are necessary for good development of their kids. Therefore in many occasions, much of the clip is spent forming for particular events or taking kids to those events which besides deplete the household s fiscal resources. Free self-driven drama which is of import to kids is replaced by extremely packed adult-supervised or adult-driven activities, and this limits creativeness in kids ( vocalist et al. , 2006 ) . In add-on, this hurried lifestyle brings emphasis and anxiousness related upsets like depression for some kids. Increased force per unit area to execute good in faculty members perchance manifests in school turning away and bodily symptoms. The decrease in drama may besides be due to inactive amusement via telecasting or computer/video games. In contrast to the wellness benefits of active, originative drama and the known developmental benefits organized activities, there is ample grounds that this inactive amusement is non healthy and has harmful effects ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . In other instances, kids who are exposed to pictures and computing machine plans at an early age get addicted to TVs, Computers ( laptops ) where they engage in computing machine games or chew the fating via cyberspace and other staffs most of the clip, and for such kids, their creativeness and motor accomplishments is normally low ( Coolhan K. et Al, 2000 ) . It has been established that increased attending on faculty members and other enrichment activities by kids plus the household due to the effects of engineering and modernism has replaced kids s drama. After school kids seldom get clip to play. Alternatively they are forced to sit at the tabular array and finish their prep given in school. At the same clip, their parents put on them force per unit area to analyze extensively burying to save any small clip for drama ( Ginsberg K. , 2001 ) . In add-on, schoolchildren are allocated less free clip and fewer physical mercantile establishments at school ; for illustration in the U.S.A, many school territories respond to the No Child Left Behind Act of 200137 by cut downing clip committed to recess, the originative humanistic disciplines, and even physical instruction in an attempt to concentrate on reading and mathematics. Due to engineering, the art of edifice besides does non prefer drama in kids and this tendency affects the societal and emotional development of kids. Furthermore, many after-school kid attention plans prefer an extension of faculty members and prep completion over organized and free playas good every bit physical activity. In decision, play by and large affects the ability to hive away new information in kids since their cognitive capacity is developed by a important alteration in activity. A alteration in activity does non intend in academic direction, category subject or formal structured physical instruction category but purely free-play deferral ( Coolhan K.et al. , 2000 ) . Less clip for drama in schools may be lending to discordant academic abilities between male childs and misss. This is because schools with sedentary acquisition manners have become a hard topographic point for male childs to last successfully ( Almon J. , 2004 ) .

Reading and assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading and assignment - Essay Example They form the basis through which voters decide who to vote for in elections. In America, it has become a common practice in elections for voters to decide on a cause or a political party first before considering the candidates that they would vote for. For instance, most American voters are attached to either Republicans or Democrats political parties (Wilson, DiIulio & Bose, 2011). During the nomination of candidates within political parties, voters supporting a political party may differ on candidates, but in the general elections all members of a party will vote for their chosen candidate whether they nominated them or not. Candidates who belong to a party which has more members are most likely to win the elections. The main goal of electing public executives is to unite political parties and draw a distinguished feature from other groups. Determining who makes up or who leads a political party is difficult. However, a political as an electorate body may be described to include all citizens who identify themselves with the party whether they are registered members of the party or not (Santos, 2011). As long as they identify themselves as members or vote for the party in elections, then they may be considered as part of the political party. As an organization, a political party consists of institutions such as national committees who run the affairs of the party and ensure that everything is done in accordance with the goals of the party and towards the achievement of the political party’s objectives. Finally, a political party in government is composed of elected and appointed officials affiliated with the party. A good example of this is Barrack Obama’s government and the House A ssembly. Political parties play a key role in campaigns. The national party committees and legislative campaign committees recruit candidates and carry out

Topic 5-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Topic 5-1 - Essay Example The Social Institution and Gender Index (SIGI) is an efficient tool for helping women realize their abilities and develop proper career alternatives. The tool emphasizes on fighting for the rights of women by providing evidence as to the actual levels of discrimination that females face. The only detriment of using the tool is that it may promote overconcentration on feminine gender and encourage discrimination of the masculine gender as already happens in some countries. Ethical concern relating to Social Institution and Gender Index (SIGI) is that it is forgetting and biasing against masculine gender. The tool places much emphasis on promoting feminine rights and doing nothing to the masculine gender. This element of SIGI may lead it in causing further imbalance across the genders. When compared with the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), SIGI performs poorly in promoting gender balance in careers. The ASVAB gives people across all genders opportunity to take career test without any form of discrimination. Qualification of individuals depends solely on their performances. In that respect, SIGI can cause social conflict in the career fields in the long term, while ASVAB can reinforce the perceptions of gender unfairness in career

Nestle Special T Market Research Background Marketing Essay

Nestle Special T Market Research Background Marketing Essay Nestlà © is the worlds leading nutrition, health and wellness company. Good Food, Good Life is the promise Nestlà © commits to everyday, everywhere to enhance lives, throughout life, with good food and beverages. Recently, Nestlà © has been launching a new product-Special.T which is a machine that offers consumers to make a cup of the highest-quality tea at the touch of a button. However, Nestlà © has been expanding the Special.T to five new countries in Europe such as Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany. Consumers receive information from different media sources and make good use of it to collect information of their preferred product (Leon G. Schiffman, 2005). Nowadays, consumers are able to know various products through different media sources conveniently such as television, radio, the Internet and magazine. They provide the fully information to consumers before consumers make the decision of purchase. The market for selling the machine of making tea is becoming increasingly competitive. Nowadays, tea making machine is quite common in the market. Some companies have been selling such machine for many years before Nestlà © first launched Special.T. Therefore, Special.T is quite a new product in the market. As a researcher, we have been commissioned by the brand manager to conduct market research in Singapore. We will measure all aspect of the marketing mix and provide valuable information to support the management at decision to reinvigorate, change or renovate the Special.T. Well, there are several questions we are going to look at: What are the difficulties in using the product? What are the deficiencies of the product? Whether the information and the communication support consumers efficiently? Whether the marketing plans carry out successfully? How the product meets consumers requirement? Objective Research is the systematic collection and analysis of information which helps to improve the quality of planning and decision making (Naresh K. Malhotra, 2007). Every work must have objectives. With the objectives, we can clearly understand what we are going to do and which direction we are going through. According to Bill Gillham (2000), the purpose of market research is to obtain information so that the development and marketing of a product or service can be improved. The research helps researchers to fully understand what consumers need and can be used to explain and predict attitude and behavior of the population (Naresh K. Malhotra, 2007). However, without the objectives, we can only do nothing. Well, the statements below show our objectives of the research: To find out what the requirements of the consumers are. To intensify the competitive strength in the market place. To understand the current market situation. To assess the perception of consumers towards the brand. Epistemological approach: Interpretivism Research Methodology What is research methodology? According to Jamie Hale (2011), research methodology is a scientific technique used to collect and evaluate data. Here we will use the methodology of interview for the research. Well, what is interview? Why we will choose interview as the research methodology other than the other methods? First, generally interview is where a person (the interviewer) asks another person (the interviewee) questions about their life, ideas or opinions, especially on the radio or television or for a newspaper or magazine. Well, interview is a routine method. It is quite common around us. Interview understands across cultures. Since interview is a very common method, it has been commonly used in every country for many years. It can be used in all areas such as politicians, business people and celebrities. However, qualitative interviewing is an adventure in learning about teaching in different countries, their cultural views, their problems and solutions, and how their pract ices are similar and different than our own. The way we interview depends on what we want to know. It is a process of finding out what others feel and think about their worlds. The result is to understand the major points of their message and how it compares (similar different) to our own situation. Not only do we need to be a good conversationalist, but also a good listener (Rubin, Herbert Rubin, Irene, 1995). Face-to-face interview Telephone intervie E-interviews Focus group Group interview Focus group E-group interview Interviewer administered questionaires One to many One to one Standardised Non-standardised Interviews Figure 1.0 Form of interview (Saunders et al 2012:374) Interview: Advantages and Disadvantages ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Unique applicability. No interaction with others. Control over respondent selection-more depth, context and flexibility. May be more difficult to interpret. Close rapport. Time-consuming. Can express non-conformity. Cost. Check the views. Not an observable research technique. Comprehensive outcome: The respondent can analyse their motivations. Empowers the respondent. Secondly, why we will choose interview as the research methodology other than the other methods? A commonsensical justification is that the best way to find out what the people think about something is to ask them (Bower 1973: vi). Qualitative researchers agree that the interview is a powerful way to try to understand people. Whether face-to-face or in groups, the interview is among the oldest and most common methods of data collection and has been used extensively in this type of research (Guba and Lincoln 1981, Donalek 2005, Holloway 2008). We are selling a product, but it is quite difficult to determine whether the product corresponds with the requirement of consumer and to find out what the deficiencies of the product are. However, if we want to improve the product, we have to ask and understand the opinion of consumers or users about the product. The feedbacks and comments from consumers about the product are considered as important assets to the company because consumers are th e ultimate users of the product, they clearly know what they really want, what the deficiencies of the product are and which part of product need to be improved. Therefore, we have to carry out the action according the feedbacks and comments from consumers in order to make an ideal product and therefore it can strengthen the confidence of consumers towards the product or brand and the result will be the increase in sales volume. The underlying assumption is that interviewing results in accurate information about respondents and their lives, despite the many factors that have been identified that can affect how the interview is conducted and the quality of data obtained (Guba and Lincoln 1981, Fontana and Frey 2003). The data collected from interview is very accurate and adequate. Either face to face, telephone, group, formal or informal interview, the method of collecting data is to ask people. Rather than observing or studying on people and finally the researcher acquires the data itself. However, data collected via observing or studying may be biased because the researcher is not the consumers, he/she is unable to fully understand what the consumers want and the requirement of consumers may not respond on their action and therefore, the best way to understand consumers is to ask them. Inductive Approach Develop theory Observation Looking for pattern Tentative hypothesis In an inductive approach to research, a researcher begins by collecting data that is relevant to his or her topic of interest. Once a substantial amount of data have been collected, the researcher will then take a breather from data collection, stepping back to get a birds eye view of her data (Amy Blackstone, 1994). At this stage, we can collect the data via the method of interviewing consumer. Once we get the data we should look for the pattern of data and analyse the data. For example, from Q1 to Q10 are the questions about interviewers personal detail and Q11 to Q20 are about the opinions about the product. After that, we can formulate some tentative hypothesis that we can explore, and finally end up developing some general conclusions and theories. Formulate a plan After deciding on the methodology, we have to propose an indicative plan to carry out the research. In order to make the plan smoothly and meticulously, there are several questions need to be considered: What to ask? Because we use interview as our research methodology, we have to decide on the questions to ask the interviewee. For example, we are selling Special.T, we can ask the users about their opinions about Special.T or which part of the product need to be improved. When to ask? Before and after the product is launched officially. Who to ask? We can ask the people who use the product and the people who sell the product. We can also ask the others who do not use the product. Where to ask? We should carry out the interview in the places of selling Special.T. Well, the places of selling Special.T can be supermarket or hypermarket such as Tesco, Carrefour and Walmart. And usually there are a lot of consumers visit these places, so these places are the suitable venue to carry out the interview.

US Election :: essays papers

US Election Overview of the American Economy The American economy has been skyrocketing during the past decade. Growth in fields such as output, price stability, consumer demand, labor markets, and productivity have been increasing at an alarming rate. This over flow of growth occurring within the country has brought a sense of safety to the American people and with increased spending based on the â€Å"wealth effect† the American economy looks to be evermore prosperous in the years to come. Al Gore- Democrats Al Gore, the leader for the Democrat party, supports many freewill movements and has a firm understanding of the country’s future development. Gore is an avid believer in expanding the United States to encompass a more world wide approach at economics, such as enabling NAFTA to extend southward. Strongly supports cutting taxes and putting money back into the system to encourage future profits enabling for the tax cuts. More money going into the system gives ore money back tot he government and without taxation making both the government and the people benefit. George Bush- Republicans George Bush, the leader for the Republican party, strongly believes in conservative views and the welfare of the people. Bush’s ideals are more traditional and are shaped towards the white, heterosexual, over 40 year old man, which holds the majority in the United States. Supports cutting taxes and taking the money the government has and increase spending in public affairs to benefit the people. Eliminating the debt and estate tax are important also but with no increase in governmental profit. 15 percent cut in tax rates, providing greatest benefit to the rich. Favors 50 percent reduction in capital gains tax. Supports $500 per child tax credit. No mention of Comprehensive health care guarantees. Supports allowing of workers to retain health insurance while shifting jobs, nothing for uninsured. Maintaining existing tax structure, with only minor changes, favoring the rich. Supports $500 per child tax credit, $1 500 tax credit for community college. Opposes any expansion of federal programs or guaranties of health care. Privatization of Medicare. Mainly good for the rich, elderly, and veterans. Abolishing of the Department of Education. Promotes private schools against public education. Better for richer families. Encourages school prayer and patriotism. Cuts in spending and more restrictions. Eliminate food stamps and school lunch program. Very difficult for welfare cases. Cutting of $1 trillion from federal programs, Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security.

Soap in Philippines

INDUSTRY PROFILE Soap in Philippines Reference Code: 0115-0208 Publication Date: April 2011 www. datamonitor. com Datamonitor USA 245 Fifth Avenue 4th Floor New York, NY 10016 USA t: +1 212 686 7400 f: +1 212 686 2626 e: [email  protected] com Datamonitor Europe 119 Farringdon Road London EC1R 3DA United Kingdom t: +44 20 7551 9000 f: +44 20 7675 7500 e: [email  protected] com Datamonitor Middle East and North Africa Datamonitor PO Box 24893 Dubai, UAE t: +49 69 9754 4517 f: +49 69 9754 4900 e: [email  protected] datamonitor. com Datamonitor Asia Pacific Level 46, 2 Park Street Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia : +61 2 8705 6900 f: +61 2 8705 6901 e: [email  protected] com Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Market value The Philippine soap market grew by 3. 7% in 2010 to reach a value of $132. 2 million. Market value forecast In 2015, t he Philippine soap market is forecast to have a value of $156. 8 million, an increase of 18. 6% since 2010. Market volume The Philippine soap market grew by 2. 4% in 2010 to reach a volume of 93. 7 million units. Market volume forecastIn 2015, the Philippine soap market is forecast to have a volume of 103. 9 million units, an increase of 10. 9% since 2010. Market segmentation I Bar soap is the largest segment of the soap market in Philippines, accounting for 89. 6% of the market's total value. Market segmentation II Philippines accounts for 2. 3% of the Asia-Pacific soap market value. Market share Procter & Gamble Company, The is the leading player in the Philippine soap market, generating a 64. 4% share of the market's value. Market rivalry The Philippines soap market is highly concentrated with top three players accounting for 82. 2% of the total market value.Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0 208 – 2010 Page 2 CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MARKET OVERVIEW Market definition Research highlights Market analysis MARKET VALUE MARKET VOLUME MARKET SEGMENTATION I MARKET SEGMENTATION II MARKET SHARE FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Summary Buyer power Supplier power New entrants Substitutes Rivalry LEADING COMPANIES Procter & Gamble Company, The Colgate-Palmolive Company Unilever MARKET DISTRIBUTION MARKET FORECASTS Market value forecast Market volume forecast MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS APPENDIX Methodology Philippines – Soap Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 2 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 26 31 35 36 36 37 38 40 40 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 3 CONTENTS Industry associations Related Datamonitor research Disclaimer ABOUT DATAMONITOR Premium Reports Summary Reports Datamonitor consulting 41 41 42 43 43 43 43 Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 4 CONTENTS LIST OF TABLESTable 1: Table 2: Table 3: Table 4: Table 5: Table 6: Table 7: Table 8: Table 9: Table 10: Table 11: Table 12: Table 13: Table 14: Table 15: Table 16: Table 17: Table 18: Table 19: Table 20: Table 21: Table 22: Table 23: Table 24: Philippines soap market value: $ million, 2006–10(e) Philippines soap market volume: million units, 2006–10(e) Philippines soap market segmentation I:% share, by value, 2010(e) Philippines soap market segmentation II: % share, by value, 2010(e) Philippines soap market share: % share, by value, 2010(e) Procter & Gamble Company, The: key facts Procter & Gamble Company, The: key financials ($) Procter & Gamble Company, The: key financial ratios Colgate-Palmolive Company: key facts Colgate-Palmolive Company: key financials ($) Colgate-Palmolive Company: key financial ratios Unilever: key facts Unilever: key financials ($) Unilever: key financials (â‚ ¬) Unile ver: key financial ratios Philippines soap market distribution: % share, by value, 2010(e) Philippines soap market value forecast: $ million, 2010–15 Philippines soap market volume forecast: million units, 2010–15 Philippines size of population (million), 2006–10 Philippines gdp (constant 2000 prices, $ billion), 2006–10 Philippines gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2006–10 Philippines inflation, 2006–10 Philippines consumer price index (absolute), 2006–10 Philippines exchange rate, 2006–10 10 11 12 13 14 21 24 24 26 28 29 31 33 33 33 35 36 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 5 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Figure 2: Figure 3: Figure 4: Figure 5: Figure 6: Figure 7: Figure 8: Figure 9: Philippines soap market value: $ million, 2006–10(e) Philippines soap market volume: million units, 2006à ¢â‚¬â€œ10(e) Philippines soap market segmentation I:% share, by value, 2010(e) Philippines soap market segmentation II: % share, by value, 2010(e) Philippines soap market share: % share, by value, 2010(e) Forces driving competition in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Drivers of buyer power in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Drivers of supplier power in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Drivers of degree of rivalry in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Procter & Gamble Company, The: revenues & profitability Procter & Gamble Company, The: assets & liabilities Colgate-Palmolive Company: revenues & profitability Colgate-Palmolive Company: assets & liabilities Unilever: revenues & profitability Unilever: assets & liabilities Philippines soap market distribution: % share, by value, 2010(e) Philippines soap market value forecast: $ million, 2010–15 Philippines soap market volume forecast: million units, 2010–15 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 25 29 30 34 34 35 36 37 Figure 10: Figure 11: Figure 12: Figure 13: Figure 14: Figure 15: Figure 16: Figure 17: Figure 18: Figure 19: Figure 20: Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor.This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 6 MARKET OVERVIEW MARKET OVERVIEW Market definition The soap market consists of retail sales of bar soap and liquid soap. The market is valued according to retail selling price (RSP) and includes any applicable taxes. Any currency conversions used in the creation of this report have been calculated using constant 2010 annual average exchange rates. For the purpose of this report Asia-Pacific comprises Australia, China, Japan, India, Singapore, South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Pak istan and Taiwan. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor.This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 7 MARKET OVERVIEW Research highlights The Philippines soap market generated total revenues of $132. 2 million in 2010, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3. 9% for the period spanning 2006-2010. Bar soap sales proved the most lucrative for the Philippines soap market in 2010, generating total revenues of $118. 5 million, equivalent to 89. 6% of the market's overall value. The performance of the market is forecast to decelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 3. 5% for the fiveyear period 2010-2015, which is expected to lead the market to a value of $156. million by the end of 2015. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 8 MARKET OVERVIEW Market analysis The Philippines soap market grew at a steady rate during the period 2006-2010, as a result of steady sales growth in the liquid soap and bar soap categories. The overall market growth is expected to decelerate in the forthcoming five years. The Philippines soap market generated total revenues of $132. 2 million in 2010, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3. 9% for the period spanning 2006-2010. In comparison, the Malaysian and Thai markets grew with CAGRs of 3. 2% and 3. % respectively, over the same period, to reach respective values of $60. 7 million and $182 million in 2010. Market consumption volumes increased with a CAGR of 2. 7% between 2006 and 2010, to reach a total of 93. 7 million units in 2010. The market's volume is expected to rise to 103. 9 million units by the end of 2015, representing a CAGR of 2. 1% for the 2010-2015 period. Bar soap sales proved the most lucrative for the Philippines soap market in 2010, generating total revenues of $118. 5 million, equivalent to 89. 6% of the market's overall va lue. In comparison, sales of liquid soap generated revenues of $13. 8 million in 2010, equating to 10. % of the market's aggregate revenues. The performance of the market is forecast to decelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 3. 5% for the fiveyear period 2010-2015, which is expected to lead the market to a value of $156. 8 million by the end of 2015. Comparatively, the Malaysian and Thai markets will grow with CAGRs of 2. 6% and 2. 1% respectively, over the same period, to reach respective values of $69 million and $201. 8 million in 2015. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 9 MARKET VALUE MARKET VALUE The Philippine soap market grew by 3. 7% in 2010 to reach a value of $132. million. The compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2006–10 was 3. 9%. Table 1: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) CAGR: 2006–10 Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market value: $ million, 2006–10(e) $ million 113. 6 118. 3 122. 9 127. 5 132. 2 PHP million 5,137. 1 5,350. 2 5,557. 8 5,768. 8 5,982. 8 â‚ ¬ million 85. 5 89. 1 92. 6 96. 1 99. 6 % Growth 4. 1 3. 9 3. 8 3. 7 3. 9% DATAMONITOR Figure 1: Philippines soap market value: $ million, 2006–10(e) Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 10 MARKET VOLUME MARKET VOLUMEThe Philippine soap market grew by 2. 4% in 2010 to reach a volume of 93. 7 million units. The compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2006–10 was 2. 7%. Table 2: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) CAGR: 2006–10 Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market volume: million units, 2006–10(e) million units 84. 2 86. 6 89. 1 91. 5 93. 7 % Growth 2. 9 2. 9 2. 7 2. 4 2. 7% DATAMONITOR Figure 2: Philippines soap market volume: million units, 2006–10 (e) Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 11 MARKET SEGMENTATION I MARKET SEGMENTATION IBar soap is the largest segment of the soap market in Philippines, accounting for 89. 6% of the market's total value. The liquid soap segment accounts for the remaining 10. 4% of the market. Table 3: Category Bar soap Liquid soap Total Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market segmentation I:% share, by value, 2010(e) % Share 89. 6% 10. 4% 100% DATAMONITOR Figure 3: Philippines soap market segmentation I:% share, by value, 2010(e) Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 12 MARKET SEGMENTATION II MARKET SEGMENTATION II Philippines accounts for 2. 3% of the Asia-Pacific soap market value.Thailand accounts for a further 3. 1 % of the Asia-Pacific market. Table 4: Category Thailand Philippines Malaysia New Zealand Rest of Asia-Pacific Total Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market segmentation II: % share, by value, 2010(e) % Share 3. 1% 2. 3% 1. 0% 0. 4% 93. 3% 100% DATAMONITOR Figure 4: Philippines soap market segmentation II: % share, by value, 2010(e) Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 13 MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARE Procter & Gamble Company, The is the leading player in the Philippine soap market, generating a 64. % share of the market's value. Colgate-Palmolive Company accounts for a further 16% of the market. Table 5: Company Procter & Gamble Company, The Colgate-Palmolive Company Unilever Others Total Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market share: % share, by value, 2010(e) % Share 64. 4% 16. 0% 1. 9% 17. 8% 100% DATAMONITOR Figure 5: Philippines soap market share: % share, by value, 2010(e) Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 14 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS The soap market will be analyzed taking manufacturers of soaps as players.The key buyers will be taken as distributors of soaps such as retailers, and suppliers of lye, solid fats and further inputs (e. g. water, antibacterial agents and moisturizers) used in the production of soaps as the key suppliers. Summary Figure 6: Forces driving competition in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR The Philippines soap market is highly concentrated with top three players accounting for 82. 2% of the total market value. The market has the presence of leading players like Procter & Gamble Company, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever. Independent retailers are the main buyers in the Philippines soap market.Supp liers to the personal hygiene market are also weakened by the scale of market players. Suppliers of ingredients and packaging are smaller relative to manufacturers, which decreases supplier power in this market. However, suppliers provide for a diverse client base and correspondingly supplier power is assessed as moderate overall. Attempting to enter this market is precarious, with new entrants competing with numerous sophisticated companies with large scale economies. The market is well developed and many of the players sell similar products, leading to an intensely competitive environment, with players competing for the same share of the market.However, the diversity of products offered by the market players reduces rivalry to a certain degree. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 15 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Buyer power Figure 7: Drivers of buyer power in the soap market in Phi lippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR In Philippines, the main distribution channels for the soaps are independent retailers, which account for 52. 8% of the total sales value. Retailers often occupy a position of power in the supply chain which allows them to negotiate favorable contracts with manufacturers, this enhances buyer power.Furthermore, soaps are just one of a wide range of products sold by most retailers: this reduces the importance of this product to buyers, thus increasing buyer power further. However, branding is an important way of maintaining end-user loyalty, and as a result retailers are required to stock the more popular brands, which reduce their bargaining strength and buyer power. Overall buyer power is assessed as moderate. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 16 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Supplier power Figure 8: Drivers of supplier power in the so ap market in Philippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITORCommercial bar soaps contain sodium tallowate, sodium cocoate, sodium palmate and similar ingredients, all of which are the results of reacting solid fats (tallow, coconut oil, and palm kernel oil respectively) with lye. Therefore key suppliers to the soap market are suppliers of lye, solid fats and further inputs (e. g. water, antibacterial agents and moisturizers) used in the production of liquid soaps. Chemical suppliers often supply lye to manufacturers, and these companies are often relatively largescale and few in number, which increases supplier power. Overall, supplier power is assessed as moderate in the Philippines soap market. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 17 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS New entrants Figure 9: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Source : Datamonitor DATAMONITOR There is limited product differentiation within the soap market, with the key segments consisting of bar and liquid soaps, and this coupled with weak market growth may act as a deterrent to potential new entrants. However, product variations can be achieved through the use of fragrances, and shape or design of soap bars etc. It may be possible for new entrants to achieve relative success stressing artisan production methods, e. g. handmade, natural aromatherapy soaps.Furthermore, it is important for new entrants to find a place for their products on the supermarket and drug store shelves; and as retail space is a finite resource, this means that new entrants must persuade the stores that it is worth displacing older brands to make way for a new product. Overall, the likelihood of new entrants is moderate. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 18 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Substitutes Figure 10: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Substitutes to manufactured soap bars, and liquid soaps can be achieved through homemade versions of soaps. This method would allow consumers to tailor their production method with ingredients to suit their preferences.However, it is likely to be more expensive to buy ingredients separately than manufactured soaps, and the method used to produce the soap is relatively time consuming. Furthermore, the end results may also be unpredictable and would not produce the desired results compares to branded soaps. These factors are likely to limit the threat of such substitutes. Overall, the threat of substitutes is assessed as weak. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 19 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Rivalry Figure 11: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR The Philippines soap market is highly concentrated with top three players accounting for 82. 2% of the total market value.These companies are largely diversified, with product ranges covering markets beyond other personal care products, with leading player Colgate-Palmolive offering consumer products such as oral care, household surface, fabric care and pet nutrition products. This means that players aren't heavily reliant upon sales of soap products, which reduces the degree of rivalry to an extent. Overall, there is a moderate degree of rivalry in the Philippines soap market. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 20 LEADING COMPANIES LEADING COMPANIES Procter & Gamble Company, TheTable 6: Head office: Telephone: Local office: Telephone: Website: Financial year-end: Ticker: Stock exchange: Sour ce: company website Procter & Gamble Company, The: key facts One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio 45201, USA 1 513 983 1100 Distributing Philippines Inc. , 6750 Ayala Office Tower, Makati 1226, PHI 63 2 894 39 55 www. pg. com June PG New York DATAMONITOR Procter & Gamble Company (P) is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of consumer products. The company markets more than 300 brands in over 180 countries spanning the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), and Asian region. It is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio and employs about 127,000 people.P sells its products through mass merchandisers, grocery stores, membership club stores, drug stores and in high-frequency stores. P is organized into three global business units (GBUs) and a global operations group. The GBUs of the company comprise beauty and grooming, health and well-being, and household care business units. The GBUs identify common consumer needs, develop new products and build its brands. The bu siness units comprising the GBUs are aggregated into six reportable segments: beauty; grooming; health care; snacks and pet care; fabric care and home care; and baby care and family care. The beauty GBU comprises the beauty and the grooming businesses; the health and well-being GBU consists of the health care, and the snacks and pet care businesses.The household care GBU comprises the fabric care and home care as well as the baby care and family care businesses. The beauty segment includes cosmetics, deodorants, hair care, skin care, prestige fragrances and personal cleansing. The hair care sub-segment consists of conditioner, hair colorants, salon products, shampoo and styling agents. The key brands offered by the segment include Head & Shoulders, Olay, Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Aussie, Fekkai, Nioxin and Wella. The key brands offered in the Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 201 0 Page 21 LEADING COMPANIES deodorant category include Old Spice, Secret and Gillette.Personal cleansing products include brands such as Camay, Gillette, Ivory, Olay, Old spice, and Zest in the body wash category. In September 2008, the Procter & Gamble acquired NIOXIN Research Laboratories, a player in the scalp care professional haircare segment. NIOXIN offers a range of products that focus on the scalp and are distributed through salons and salon stores in more than 40 countries. In April 2009, P sold its ethnic hair care company Johnson Products to a group of investors. Johnson Products is a major player in the ethnic hair care market in Americas with a range of 30 products that includes the Gentle Treatment and Ultra Sheen brands.In the same year P sold of its global Infusium 23 hair care business to Helen of Troy, a designer, developer and worldwide marketer of personal care and household consumer products. The grooming segment comprises blades and razors, face and shave prepa ration products (such as shaving cream), electric hair removal devices and small household appliances. The key brands marketed by the grooming segment include Braun, Fusion, Gillette and Mach3. The electric hair removal devices and small home appliances are marketed under the Braun brand. The healthcare segment includes oral care, feminine care, pharmaceuticals and personal health care businesses.The oral care products are marketed worldwide under the brands Crest and Oral-B. In December 2008, Panasonic Electric Works entered into a supply agreement with P to supply its Palsonic electric toothbrush, which P introduced in the US and European markets during late 2009 under its own brand name. In pharmaceuticals and personal health, P serves the global bisphosphonates market for the treatment of osteoporosis under the Actonel brand. It leads the market in nonprescription heartburn medications and in respiratory treatments. The snacks and pet care segment markets its products under the brands lams and Pringles. In the snacks business, the company sells potato chips through its Pringles brand.The fabric care and home care segment offers a wide range of fabric care products including laundry cleaning products and fabric conditioners; and home care products, including dish care, surface cleaners and air fresheners; and batteries. The segment markets its products under Ariel, Dawn, Downy, Duracell, Gain and Tide brands. The dish care products are offered under Cascade, Dawn, Ivory, Ariel and Joy brands. The baby care and family care segment offers baby wipes, bath tissues, diapers, facial tissues and paper towels under the following brands: Bounty, Charmin and Pampers. The company’s family care business primarily operates in North America.The global operations group consists of the market development organization (MDO) and global business services (GBS). The MDO comprises retail customer, trade channel and country-specific teams. It is Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 22 LEADING COMPANIES organized along five geographic regions: North America, Western Europe, Central & Eastern Europe/Middle East/Africa (CEEMEA), Latin America and Asia (comprises Japan, Greater China and ASEAN/Australia/India/Korea (AAIK)). The GBS also provides technology, processes and standard data tools to support the operations of GBUs and the MDO.P also operates P Professional, a business-to-business division that serves food services, commercial cleaning, lodging and vending industries. The company's North American operation covers Canada, Puerto Rico and the US regions. P&G has a presence in every country in Western Europe. In Western Europe, the company operates about 35 manufacturing plants and markets over 100 brands. P&G's CEEMEA includes the Balkans, Central Europe North, Central Europe South, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Sub Sahara, Turkey/Caucasia and the Central Asian Republics. In Latin America, the company operates 19 manufacturing sites, 12 distribution centers and a service center in 14 countries.P's Asian operation covers China, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Bangladesh. P&G operates across Western Europe. The region accounts for about a quarter of the company’s total business. P&G markets over 100 brands in Europe. Some major brands marketed by the company in Europe include Pampers, Oral-B, Ariel, Always, Pantene, Mach3, Herbal Essences, Pringles, Lenor, Iams, Duracell, Olay, Head & Shoulders, Wella, Gillette, and Braun. P&G launched Fairy autodishwashing in Western Europe in FY2008. The Asia-Pacific operations of P&G are divided into three sub-regions: Asean, Australia and India (AAI), Greater China (China and Taiwan) and North Asia (Japan and Korea).However, P&G is centralizing its Asia-Pacific opera tions into a single entity to increase its focus on emerging economies. The company is expected to merge GBUs for the three regional hubs into one to improve efficiency. In February 2010, P&G launched a plant-based hair care range under the brand Nature Fusion, comprising shampoo, conditioner and leave-in conditioner. The product range consists of ingredients derived from plants known for their traditional medicinal qualities. Key Metrics Procter & Gamble generated revenues of $78. 9 billion in the financial year (FY) ended June 2010, an increase of 2. 9% over 2009. The company's net income totaled $12. 7 billion in FY2010, a decrease of 5. 2% over 2009.The beauty and grooming GBU accounted for 34. 4% of the total revenues in FY2010. Revenues from beauty and grooming GBU reached $27. 1 billion in FY2010, an increase of 3% over FY2009. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 23 L EADING COMPANIES Table 7: $ million Procter & Gamble Company, The: key financials ($) 2006 68,222. 0 8,684. 0 135,695. 0 72,787. 0 138,000 2007 74,832. 0 10,340. 0 138,014. 0 71,254. 0 138,000 2008 79,257. 0 12,075. 0 143,992. 0 74,498. 0 138,000 2009 76,694. 0 13,436. 0 134,833. 0 71,451. 0 135,000 2010 78,938. 0 12,736. 0 128,172. 0 66,733. 0 127,000Revenues Net income (loss) Total assets Total liabilities Employees Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Table 8: Ratio Procter & Gamble Company, The: key financial ratios 2006 12. 7% 20. 2% 120. 5% 69. 1% 53. 6% 8. 8% $494,362 $62,928 2007 13. 8% 9. 7% 1. 7% (2. 1%) 51. 6% 7. 6% $542,261 $74,928 2008 15. 2% 5. 9% 4. 3% 4. 6% 51. 7% 8. 6% $574,326 $87,500 2009 17. 5% (3. 2%) (6. 4%) (4. 1%) 53. 0% 9. 6% $568,104 $99,526 2010 16. 1% 2. 9% (4. 9%) (6. 6%) 52. 1% 9. 7% $621,559 $100,283 Profit margin Revenue growth Asset growth Liabilities growth Debt/asset ratio Return on assets Revenue per employee Profit per employee Source: company fil ings DATAMONITORPhilippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 24 LEADING COMPANIES Figure 12: Procter & Gamble Company, The: revenues & profitability Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Figure 13: Procter & Gamble Company, The: assets & liabilities Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 25 LEADING COMPANIES Colgate-Palmolive Company Table 9: Colgate-Palmolive Company: key facts 300 Park Avenue, New York City, New York 10022, USA 1 212 310 2000 1 212 310 3284 www. colgate. om December CL New York DATAMONITOR Head office: Telephone: Fax: Website: Financial year-end: Ticker: Stock exchange: Source: company website Colgate-Palmolive Company (Colgate) engages in the manufacture and marketing of a wide range of consumer products such as toothpastes, toothbrushes, detergents, shower gels, conditioners, shampoos, cleansers, bleaches and pet foods. The company markets its products in over 200 countries and territories throughout the world. It is headquartered in New York, the US and employs around 39,200 people. Colgate owns more than 80 brands across various product categories such as oral care, personal care, home care and pet nutrition.The principal global and regional trademarks owned by the company include Colgate, Palmolive, Mennen, Speed Stick, Lady Speed Stick, Softsoap, Irish Spring, Protex, Sorriso, Kolynos, Elmex, Tom’s of Maine, Ajax, Axion, Fabuloso, Soupline, Suavitel, Hill’s Science Diet and Hill’s Prescription Diet. The company operates in two product segments: oral, personal and home care; and pet nutrition. The oral, personal and home care segment operates through four geographic divisions: North America, Latin America, Europe/South Pacific and Greater Asia/Africa, which sell to a variety of retail and wholesale customers and distributors. The oral care business of Colgate includes products such as toothpaste, toothbrushes, oral rinses and dental floss, and pharmaceutical products for dentists and other oral health professionals.The company offers a wide variety of toothpaste, which includes plaque and gingivitis prevention toothpaste, long lasting fresh breath toothpaste, tartar control toothpaste, baking soda and peroxide toothpaste, cavity protection toothpaste, and sensitivity relief toothpaste under the Colgate brand. The company also provides two types of toothbrushes: conventional and electric toothbrushes. The conventional toothbrushes include whole mouth clean toothbrush, fresh breath toothbrush, flexible head toothbrush Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 26 LEADING COMPANIES nd deep cleaning toothbrush. The company markets toothpastes under Colgate To tal and Colgate Max Fresh brands; manual toothbrushes under the Colgate 360 ° brand name; and oral rinses under Colgate and Colgate Plax brand names. The personal care business in the US offers shower gels, bar soaps, deodorants, antiperspirants, men's toiletries and liquid hand soaps. Outside the US, the business also offers shampoos and conditioners under the brands Palmolive and Caprice. Colgate markets shower gels through Palmolive and Softsoap brands; bar soaps under Palmolive, Irish Spring and Protex brands; and deodorants and antiperspirants under Speed Stick and Lady Speed Stick brands.The deodorants offered by Colgate comprise gel, stick, fragrance, and antiperspirant/deodorants. The body wash product line includes advanced moisture body wash, nourishing body wash, and fragrance body wash products. The liquid hand soaps consist of antibacterial soap, foaming hand soap, kitchen soap, moisturizing soap, fragrance soap, and decor soap. The bar soap products offering include deodorant protection bar soap, antibacterial bar soap, invigorating bar soap, moisturizing bar soap, and exfoliating bar soap. The men's toiletries include shaving cream, lotion after shave, after shave, splash on after shave, and moisturizing after shave.The home care business manufactures and markets dishwashing liquids, fabric conditioners and household cleaners. Colgate offers a wide variety of dishwashing products under Palmolive, Axion and Ajax brands. The product offering includes hand dishwashing, sensitive skin, antibacterial, oxy cleaning agents, automatic dishwashers, original formula, fruit scent, and floral scent and natural scent dishwashing products. Colgate markets these products under Ajax, Splash, Spring Sensation, and Oxy Plus brands. The fabric conditioner products comprise liquid fabric conditioners, dryer sheets, dark colours formula, floral scent, natural scent, and baby powder scent.The household cleaners are marketed under Fabuloso and Ajax brands and includ e wood cleaner, floor cleaner, all purpose cleaner, powder cleanser, spray formula, pre moistened wipes, and fruit scented products. The pet nutrition segment operates through Hill's pet nutrition brand, which is sold principally through the veterinary professionals and specialty pet retailers. The company supplies specialty pet nutrition products for dogs and cats in over 95 countries. Hill's markets pet foods primarily under two trademarks: Science Diet and Prescription Diet. Science Diet products are sold by authorized pet supply retailers and veterinarians for everyday nutritional needs. The Prescription Diet includes therapeutic products sold by veterinarians which enable them to manage disease conditions in dogs and cats by improving nutrition value in food intake.In the US, Colgate has its manufacturing and warehousing facilities used by the oral, personal and home care segment business in Morristown, New Jersey; Morristown, Tennessee; and Cambridge, Ohio. The pet nutrition s egment has major facilities in Bowling Green, Kentucky; Topeka, Kansas; Commerce, California; and Richmond, Indiana. The primary research centre for oral, personal and home care Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 27 LEADING COMPANIES products is located in Piscataway, New Jersey and the primary research centre for pet nutrition products is located in Topeka, Kansas. Piscataway, New Jersey also serves as the company’s global data centre.Outside the US, Colgate operates manufacturing facilities for the oral, personal and home care segment in Australia, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, Italy, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, Thailand, Venezuela, Vietnam and elsewhere throughout the world. Colgate offers shampoos, bath and shower gels, hand soaps and liquid soaps, as well as shaving products in the personal care segment. The bath and shower gels are marketed under the brand s such as Palmolive Naturals, Palmolive Aroma, and Palmolive Thermal. Shampoos and liquid hand soaps are marketed under the Palmolive Naturals brand, and soaps under Palmolive Naturals and Palmolive Aroma brands.The company markets its hair care product under Palmolive Halo brand name. Key Metrics Colgate-Palmolive Company generated revenues of $15. 6 billion in the financial year (FY) ended December 2010, an increase of 1. 5% over FY2009. The company's net income totaled $2. 2 billion in FY2010, a decrease of 3. 8% over FY2009. The oral, personal and home care segment recorded revenues of $13. 5 billion in FY2010, an increase of 2. 2% over FY2009. Greater Asia/Africa accounted for 22. 2% of the total revenues of the oral, personal and home care segment in FY2010. Revenues from Greater Asia/Africa reached $3 billion in FY2010, an increase of 12. 9% over FY2009.Table 10: $ million Colgate-Palmolive Company: key financials ($) 2006 12,237. 7 1,353. 4 9,138. 0 7,727. 1 34,700 2007 13,7 89. 7 1,737. 4 10,112. 0 7,825. 8 36,000 2008 15,329. 9 1,957. 2 9,979. 3 7,935. 0 36,600 2009 15,327. 0 2,291. 0 11,134. 0 7,877. 0 38,100 2010 15,564. 0 2,203. 0 11,172. 0 8,355. 0 39,200 Revenues Net income (loss) Total assets Total liabilities Employees Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 28 LEADING COMPANIES Table 11: Ratio Colgate-Palmolive Company: key financial ratios 2006 11. 1% 7. 4% 7. 4% 8. 0% 84. 6% 15. % $352,671 $39,003 2007 12. 6% 12. 7% 10. 7% 1. 3% 77. 4% 18. 1% $383,047 $48,261 2008 12. 8% 11. 2% (1. 3%) 1. 4% 79. 5% 19. 5% $418,850 $53,475 2009 14. 9% N. M 11. 6% (0. 7%) 70. 7% 21. 7% $402,283 $60,131 2010 14. 2% 1. 5% 0. 3% 6. 1% 74. 8% 19. 8% $397,041 $56,199 Profit margin Revenue growth Asset growth Liabilities growth Debt/asset ratio Return on assets Revenue per employee Profit per employee Source: company filings D ATAMONITOR Figure 14: Colgate-Palmolive Company: revenues & profitability Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 29LEADING COMPANIES Figure 15: Colgate-Palmolive Company: assets & liabilities Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 30 LEADING COMPANIES Unilever Table 12: Unilever: key facts Unilever House, 100 Victoria Embankment, London EC4Y 0DY, GBR 44 20 7822 5252 44 20 7822 5951 www. unilever. com December UL New York DATAMONITOR Head office: Telephone: Fax: Website: Financial year-end: Ticker: Stock exchange: Source: company website Unilever is a global manufacturer and marketer of consumer goods in the food, personal and homecare segments.Unilever operates under a dual structure. The group has two parent companies: Unilever NV and Unilever plc. Unilever NV is a public limited company registered in the Netherlands, while Unilever plc is a public limited company registered in the UK and Wales. The two parent companies, Unilever NV and Unilever plc, along with the group companies, operate as a single economic entity: Unilever. It operates through subsidiaries in Germany, Switzerland, France, the UK, the US, and China and has operations in over 170 countries. The group's primary operating segments comprises three geographic regions: Asia, Africa, Central and Eastern Europe; the Americas; and Western Europe.Although Unilever's operations are managed on a geographical basis, the group manages its products under four categories: savoury, dressings and spreads; ice cream and beverages; personal care; and home care and other operations. These categories are Unilever’s principal product areas. The savoury, dressings and spreads product category includes products like soups, bou illons, sauces, snacks, mayonnaise, salad dressings, olive oil, margarines, spreads and cooking products such as liquid margarines, and frozen food products. Unilever's major brands in this segment includes: Knorr, Hellmann's, Becel/Flora (Healthy Heart), Rama/Blue Band (Family Goodness), Calve, Wish-Bone, Amora, Ragu and Bertolli.The company markets its frozen food products under Findus, Sagit, Cogesal and Iglo brand names among others. The ice cream and beverages product category includes sales of ice cream, tea-based beverages, weight management products, and nutritionally enhanced staples sold in developing markets. Unilever's major brands in ice cream are sold under the international Heart brand which includes Cornetto, Magnum, Carte Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 31 LEADING COMPANIES d’Or and Solero, Wall’s, Kibon, Algida and Ola. Its tea-based bever age brands include Lipton, Brooke Bond and PG Tips.In addition, Unilever has weight management products such as Slim Fast, and nutritionally enhanced products include Annapurna and AdeS brands. The personal care product category offers skin care, facial care and hair care products; deodorants and anti-perspirants; and oral care products. The company offers six global brands which are the core of company's business in the mass skin care, daily hair care and deodorants product areas that includes Dove, Lux, Rexona (including Sure and Degree), Sunsilk (including Seda/Sedal), Axe/Lynx and Pond’s. Other key brands include Suave, Clear, Lifebuoy and Vaseline, along with Signal and Close Up in the oral care category.In December 2010, the company acquired the personal care business of the Sara Lee Corporation, which was announced in September 2009. The Sara Lee brand includes Sanex, Radox and Duschdas. Home care and other operations include household products, such as laundry tablets , powders and liquids, soap bars and cleaning products. Unilever's global brands in home care products include Cif, Comfort, Domestos, Omo, Radiant, Surf and Sunlight brands. Other brands marketed by this segment include Omo Surf, Comfort, Radiant and Skip. During late 2008, Unilever further expanded its household and personal hygiene portfolio by acquiring Cosmivoire, a Cote d'Ivoire-based manufacturer and supplier of food, household, and personal hygiene products.Unilever also announced plans to expand its Asia Pacific operations within home care division. In line with this, Unilever Sri Lanka made an offer to acquire the trademark of Wonderlight Consumer Products Company, in February 2009. Wonderlight Consumer Products Company is a Sri Lankan-based manufacturer of laundry soaps, baby soap, herbal soap, toilet soap, washing powder, scouring powder, and dish powder. Key Metrics Unilever generated revenues of $58. 6 billion in the financial year (FY) ended December 2010, an increase of 11. 1% as compared to 2009. The company's net income reached $5. 6 billion in FY2010, an increase of 25. 9% over FY2009. Unilever’s personal care division recorded revenues of $18. billion in FY2010, an increase of 16. 2% over FY2009. Asia, Africa and Central & Eastern Europe, Unilever's largest geographical market, accounted for 40% of the total revenues in FY2010. Revenues from Asia, Africa and Central & Eastern Europe reached $23. 4 billion in FY2010, an increase of 18. 7% over FY2009. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 32 LEADING COMPANIES Table 13: $ million Unilever: key financials ($) 2006 52,514. 3 6,285. 8 49,109. 8 33,647. 7 179,000 2007 53,236. 3 5,150. 5 49,414. 5 32,433. 0 174,000 2008 53,681. 4 6,659. 3 47,877. 8 34,137. 9 174,000 2009 52,754. 4,464. 3 49,035. 6 32,429. 0 163,000 2010 58,634. 5 5,622. 1 54,534. 5 34,560. 5 167,000 Revenues Net incom e (loss) Total assets Total liabilities Employees Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Table 14: â‚ ¬ million Unilever: key financials (â‚ ¬) 2006 39,642. 0 4,745. 0 37,072. 0 25,400. 0 2007 40,187. 0 3,888. 0 37,302. 0 24,483. 0 2008 40,523. 0 5,027. 0 36,142. 0 25,770. 0 2009 39,823. 0 3,370. 0 37,016. 0 24,480. 0 2010 44,262. 0 4,244. 0 41,167. 0 26,089. 0 Revenues Net income (loss) Total assets Total liabilities Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Table 15: Ratio Unilever: key financial ratios 2006 12. 0% 3. 2% (6. 1%) (17. 4%) 68. 5% 12. % $293,376 $35,116 2007 9. 7% 1. 4% 0. 6% (3. 6%) 65. 6% 10. 5% $305,956 $29,601 2008 12. 4% 0. 8% (3. 1%) 5. 3% 71. 3% 13. 7% $308,514 $38,272 2009 8. 5% (1. 7%) 2. 4% (5. 0%) 66. 1% 9. 2% $323,645 $27,388 2010 9. 6% 11. 1% 11. 2% 6. 6% 63. 4% 10. 9% $351,105 $33,665 Profit margin Revenue growth Asset growth Liabilities growth Debt/asset ratio Return on assets Revenue per employee Profit per employee Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Ph ilippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 33 LEADING COMPANIES Figure 16: Unilever: revenues & profitability Source: company filings DATAMONITORFigure 17: Unilever: assets & liabilities Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 34 DISTRIBUTION MARKET DISTRIBUTION Independent Retailers form the leading distribution channel in the Philippine soap market, accounting for a 52. 8% share of the total market's value. Specialist Retailers accounts for a further 14. 4% of the market. Table 16: Channel Independent Retailers Specialist Retailers Supermarkets / hypermarkets Others Total Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market distribution: % share, by value, 2010(e) % Share 52. 8% 14. 4% 14. 4% 18. 5% 100% DATAMONITORFigure 18: Philippines soap market d istribution: % share, by value, 2010(e) Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 35 MARKET FORECASTS MARKET FORECASTS Market value forecast In 2015, the Philippine soap market is forecast to have a value of $156. 8 million, an increase of 18. 6% since 2010. The compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2010–15 is predicted to be 3. 5%. Table 17: Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CAGR: 2010–15 Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market value forecast: $ million, 2010–15 $ million 132. 2 137. 0 141. 9 146. 8 151. 7 156. PHP million 5,982. 8 6,199. 1 6,417. 5 6,639. 2 6,862. 1 7,092. 5 â‚ ¬ million 99. 6 103. 2 106. 9 110. 6 114. 3 118. 1 % Growth 3. 7% 3. 6% 3. 5% 3. 5% 3. 4% 3. 4% 3. 5% DATAMONITOR Figure 19: Philippines soap market value forecast: $ million, 2010–15 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Phil ippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 36 MARKET FORECASTS Market volume forecast In 2015, the Philippine soap market is forecast to have a volume of 103. 9 million units, an increase of 10. 9% since 2010. The compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2010–15 is predicted to be 2. 1%.Table 18: Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CAGR: 2010–15 Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market volume forecast: million units, 2010–15 million units 93. 7 96. 0 98. 1 100. 1 102. 0 103. 9 % Growth 2. 4% 2. 5% 2. 2% 2. 0% 1. 9% 1. 9% 2. 1% DATAMONITOR Figure 20: Philippines soap market volume forecast: million units, 2010–15 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 37 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS Ta ble 19: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) Source: Datamonitor Philippines size of population (million), 2006–10 Population (million) 86. 0 87. 6 89. 3 91. 0 92. 7 % Growth 2. 0% 1. 9% 1. 9% 1. 9% 1. 9% DATAMONITOR Table 20: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e)Philippines gdp (constant 2000 prices, $ billion), 2006–10 Constant 2000 Prices, $ billion 99. 2 106. 2 110. 2 111. 3 119. 2 % Growth 5. 4% 7. 1% 3. 7% 1. 1% 7. 1% DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Table 21: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) Philippines gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2006–10 Current Prices, $ billion 117. 8 144. 3 170. 2 165. 2 183. 6 % Growth 20. 2% 22. 5% 18. 0% (3. 0%) 11. 2% DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 38 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS Table 22: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) Philippines inflation, 2006–10 Inflation Rate (%) 6. % 2. 8% 9. 3% 3. 2% 3. 8% DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Table 23: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) Philippines consumer price index (absolute), 2006–10 Consumer Price Index (2000 = 100) 137. 9 141. 8 155. 0 159. 9 166. 0 DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Table 24: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Philippines exchange rate, 2006–10 Exchange rate ($/PHP) 51. 4087 46. 2140 44. 5728 47. 7318 45. 2396 Exchange rate (â‚ ¬/PHP) 64. 5003 63. 2358 65. 2211 66. 5482 60. 0503 DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 39 APPENDIX APPENDIX MethodologyDatamonitor Industry Profiles draw on extensive primary and secondary research, all aggregated, analyzed, cross-checked and presented in a consistent and accessible style. Review of in-house databases – Created using 250,000+ industry interviews and consumer surveys and supported by analysis from industry exp erts using highly complex modeling & forecasting tools, Datamonitor’s in-house databases provide the foundation for all related industry profiles Preparatory research – We also maintain extensive in-house databases of news, analyst commentary, company profiles and macroeconomic & demographic information, which enable our researchers to build an accurate market overview Definitions – Market definitions are standardized to allow comparison from country to country.The parameters of each definition are carefully reviewed at the start of the research process to ensure they match the requirements of both the market and our clients Extensive secondary research activities ensure we are always fully up-to-date with the latest industry events and trends Datamonitor aggregates and analyzes a number of secondary information sources, including: National/Governmental statistics International data (official international sources) National and International trade associations B roker and analyst reports Company Annual Reports Business information libraries and databases Modeling & forecasting tools – Datamonitor has developed powerful tools that allow quantitative and qualitative data to be combined with related macroeconomic and demographic drivers to create market models and forecasts, which can then be refined according to specific competitive, regulatory and emand-related factors Continuous quality control ensures that our processes and profiles remain focused, accurate and up-to-date Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 40 APPENDIX Industry associations International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products Square Marie-Louise 49, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel. : 32 2 230 8371 Fax: 32 2 230 8288 www. aise-net. org Related Datamonitor research Industry profiles Soap in Malaysia Soap in Thailand Philippines – Soap à ‚ © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 41 APPENDIX DisclaimerAll Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, Datamonitor plc. The facts of this report are believed to be correct at the time of publication but cannot be guaranteed. Please note that the findings, conclusions and recommendations that Datamonitor delivers will be based on information gathered in good faith from both primary and secondary sources, whose accuracy we are not always in a position to guarantee. As such Datamonitor can accept no liability hatever for actions taken based on any information that may subsequently prove to be incorrect. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocop ied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 42 ABOUT DATAMONITOR ABOUT DATAMONITOR The Datamonitor Group is a world-leading provider of premium global business information, delivering independent data, analysis and opinion across the Automotive, Consumer Markets, Energy & Utilities, Financial Services, Logistics & Express, Pharmaceutical & Healthcare, Retail, Technology and Telecoms industries. Combining our industry knowledge and experience, we assist over 6,000 of the world’s leading companies in making better strategic and operational decisions.Delivered online via our user-friendly web platforms, our market intelligence products and services ensure that you will achieve your desired commercial goals by giving you the insight you need to best respond to your competitive environment. Premium Reports Datamonitor's premium reports are based on primary research with industry panels and consumers. We gather information on market segmentation, market growth and pricing, competitor s and products. Our experts then interpret this data to produce detailed forecasts and actionable recommendations, helping you create new business opportunities and ideas. Summary Reports Our series of company, industry and country profiles complements our premium products, providing top-level information on 30,000 companies, 3,000 industries and 100 countries.While they do not contain the highly detailed breakdowns found in premium reports, profiles give you the most important qualitative and quantitative summary information you need – including predictions and forecasts. Datamonitor consulting We hope that the data and analysis in this profile will help you make informed and imaginative business decisions. If you have further requirements, Datamonitor’s consulting team may be able to help you. For more information about Datamonitor’s consulting capabilities, please contact us directly at [email  protected] com. Philippines – Soap  © Datamonitor. Thi s profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 – 0208 – 2010 Page 43